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Medical- Surgical > Concept of Oxygenation: Respiratory Disorder > Flashcards

Concept of Oxygenation: Respiratory Disorder Flashcards

1
Q

Oxygen is supplied to, and carbon dioxide is removed from cells by way of the circulating blood

A

Oxygenation

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2
Q

Movement of air in and out of the airways, the exchange of air between the lungs and the atmosphere

A

Ventilation

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3
Q

Exchange of gas molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration

A

Diffusion

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4
Q

The flow of blood from the heart through arteries and capillaries, delivering nutrients and oxygen to cells

A

Perfusion

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5
Q

A passageway for air to pass to and from the lungs, filters impurities and humidifies and warms the inhaled air, responsible for olfaction

A

Nose

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6
Q

A narrow vertical divider separating the right and left nasal cavities

A

Septum

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7
Q

Divides the nasal cavity into three passageways

A

Conchae

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8
Q

The external openings of the nasal cavity

A

Anterior nares (nostrils)

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9
Q

Is a highly vascular ciliated mucous membrane that lined the nasal cavity

A

Nasal mucosa

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10
Q

Aid to move back the mucus secreted by the goblet cells

A

Cilia

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11
Q

Cover the surface of the nasal mucosa

A

Goblet cells

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12
Q

Secrete mucin and create a protective mucus layer

A

Goblet cells

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13
Q

What stimulates the secretion of goblet cells?

A

Irritants in the airway such as dust and smoke

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14
Q

Spaces that are connected by a series of ducts that drain into the nasal cavity

A

Paranasal sinuses

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15
Q

What are the four paranasal sinuses

A

Frontal, Ethmoidal, Maxillary, Sphenoidal

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16
Q

Four pairs of bony cavities that are lined with nasal mucosa and ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

Paranasal sinuses

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17
Q

Serve as a resonating chamber in speech and are a COMMON SITE FOR INFECTION

A

Paranasal sinuses

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18
Q

A passageway for the respiratory and digestive tracts

A

Pharynx

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19
Q

A tube-like structure that connects the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx

A

Pharynx

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20
Q

Three regions of the pharynx

A

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx

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21
Q

Located posterior to the nose and above the soft palate

A

Nasopharynx

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22
Q

Houses the faucial/ palatine tonsils

A

Oropharynx

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23
Q

Extends from the hyoid bone to the cricoid cartilage

A

Laryngopharynx

24
Q

Forms the entrance of the larynx, a valve flap of cartilage that covers the opening of the larynx during swallowing

A

Epiglottis

25
Q

Are located in the roof of the nasopharynx

A

Adenoids or pharyngeal tonsils

26
Q

Important links in the chain of lymph nodes guarding the body against invasion by organisms entering the throat and nose

A

Tonsils, the adenoids, and other lymphoid tissue

27
Q

The opening between the vocal cords in the larynx

28
Q

The only complete cartilaginous ring in the larynx

A

Cricoid cartilage

29
Q

Used in vocal cord movement with the thyroid cartilage

A

Arytenoid cartilage

30
Q

A cartilaginous epithelium-lined structure that connects the pharynx and the trachea, the major function is vocalization, protects the lower airway from foreign substances, facilitates coughing

31
Q

Composed of smooth muscle with c- shaped rings of cartilage at regular intervals, serves as the passageway between the larynx and the bronchi

32
Q

Give firmness to the wall of the trachea, preventing it from collapsing

A

Cartilaginous rings (tracheal cartilages)

33
Q

Paired elastic structures enclosed in the thoracic cage

34
Q

Movement of the walls of the thoracic cage and the diaphragm that increase and decrease the capacity of the chest

A

Ventilation

35
Q

Occurs during the first third of the respiratory cycle; The capacity of the chest is increased, air enters through the trachea because of the lowered pressure within and inflates the lungs

A

Inspiration

36
Q

Occurs during the latter two thirds; The chest wall and the diaphragm return to their previous positions, the lungs recoil and force the air out through the bronchi and trachea

A

Expiration

37
Q

TRUE OR FALSE. The inspiratory phase of respiration normally requires energy

38
Q

TRUE OR FALSE. The expiratory phase of respiration is normally passive.

39
Q

Is a serous membrane that wraps the outside of the lungs

40
Q

Pleura that covers the lungs

A

Visceral pleura

41
Q

Pleura that lines the thorax

A

Parietal pleura

42
Q

Found between the visceral and parietal membranes that lubricate the thorax and lungs

A

Pleural fluid

43
Q

In the middle of the thorax, between the pleural sacs that contain the two lungs. It extends from the sternum to the vertebral column and contains all the thoracic tissue outside the lung

A

Mediastinum

44
Q

How many lobes are there on each lung

A

3 on the right, 2 on the left

45
Q

Name the fissure/s on each lung

A

Horizontal and oblique on the right, Oblique only on the left

46
Q

Discuss the several divisions of bronchi within each lobe of the lung

A

Main bronchi—Lobar bronchi (3 on R, 2 on L)–Segmental bronchi (10 on R, 8 on L)–Subsegmental bronchi–Bronchioles

47
Q

Where gas exchange happens

48
Q

How many alveoli are there?

A

300 million

49
Q

Three types of alveolar cells

A

Type I epithelial cells
Type II metabolically active
Type III macrophages

50
Q

Type of alveolar cells; form the alveolar walls

A

Type I epithelial cells

51
Q

Type of alveolar cells; secrete surfactant

A

Type II metabolically active

52
Q

A phospholipid that lines the inner surface and prevents alveolar collapse

A

Surfactant

53
Q

Large phagocytic cells that ingest foreign matter; act as an important defense mechanism

A

Type III macrophages

54
Q

Discuss how gas exchange happens

A

Air that enters our mouth or nose passes through the trachea to the lungs— bronchi—alveoli (where gas exchange happens). They absorb oxygen from the inhaled air into the bloodstream and pass carbon dioxide, which is expelled from the body when you exhale.

55
Q

Composition of the air we breath

A

Nitrogen- 78.82
Oxygen- 20.84
Carbon dioxide- 0.04
Water vapor- 0.05

56
Q

The pressure exerted by each type of gas in a mixture of gasses

A

Partial pressure

57
Q

Oxygen is carried in the blood in two forms:

A

As physically dissolved oxygen in the plasma

In combination with the hemoglobin of the red blood cells

Medical- Surgical (8 decks)

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