Concept of Oxygenation: Respiratory Disorder

Question 1

Oxygen is supplied to, and carbon dioxide is removed from cells by way of the circulating blood

Answer 1

Oxygenation

Question 2

Movement of air in and out of the airways, the exchange of air between the lungs and the atmosphere

Answer 2

Ventilation

Question 3

Exchange of gas molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration

Answer 3

Diffusion

Question 4

The flow of blood from the heart through arteries and capillaries, delivering nutrients and oxygen to cells

Answer 4

Perfusion

Question 5

A passageway for air to pass to and from the lungs, filters impurities and humidifies and warms the inhaled air, responsible for olfaction

Answer 5

Nose

Question 6

A narrow vertical divider separating the right and left nasal cavities

Answer 6

Septum

Question 7

Divides the nasal cavity into three passageways

Answer 7

Conchae

Question 8

The external openings of the nasal cavity

Answer 8

Anterior nares (nostrils)

Question 9

Is a highly vascular ciliated mucous membrane that lined the nasal cavity

Answer 9

Nasal mucosa

Question 10

Aid to move back the mucus secreted by the goblet cells

Answer 10

Cilia

Question 11

Cover the surface of the nasal mucosa

Answer 11

Goblet cells

Question 12

Secrete mucin and create a protective mucus layer

Answer 12

Goblet cells

Question 13

What stimulates the secretion of goblet cells?

Answer 13

Irritants in the airway such as dust and smoke

Question 14

Spaces that are connected by a series of ducts that drain into the nasal cavity

Answer 14

Paranasal sinuses

Question 15

What are the four paranasal sinuses

Answer 15

Frontal, Ethmoidal, Maxillary, Sphenoidal

Question 16

Four pairs of bony cavities that are lined with nasal mucosa and ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Answer 16

Paranasal sinuses

Question 17

Serve as a resonating chamber in speech and are a COMMON SITE FOR INFECTION

Answer 17

Paranasal sinuses

Question 18

A passageway for the respiratory and digestive tracts

Answer 18

Pharynx

Question 19

A tube-like structure that connects the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx

Answer 19

Pharynx

Question 20

Three regions of the pharynx

Answer 20

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx

Question 21

Located posterior to the nose and above the soft palate

Answer 21

Nasopharynx

Question 22

Houses the faucial/ palatine tonsils

Answer 22

Oropharynx

Question 23

Extends from the hyoid bone to the cricoid cartilage

Answer 23

Laryngopharynx

Question 24

Forms the entrance of the larynx, a valve flap of cartilage that covers the opening of the larynx during swallowing

Answer 24

Epiglottis

Question 25

Are located in the roof of the nasopharynx

Answer 25

Adenoids or pharyngeal tonsils

Question 26

Important links in the chain of lymph nodes guarding the body against invasion by organisms entering the throat and nose

Answer 26

Tonsils, the adenoids, and other lymphoid tissue

Question 27

The opening between the vocal cords in the larynx

Answer 27

Glottis

Question 28

The only complete cartilaginous ring in the larynx

Answer 28

Cricoid cartilage

Question 29

Used in vocal cord movement with the thyroid cartilage

Answer 29

Arytenoid cartilage

Question 30

A cartilaginous epithelium-lined structure that connects the pharynx and the trachea, the major function is vocalization, protects the lower airway from foreign substances, facilitates coughing

Answer 30

Larynx

Question 31

Composed of smooth muscle with c- shaped rings of cartilage at regular intervals, serves as the passageway between the larynx and the bronchi

Answer 31

Trachea

Question 32

Give firmness to the wall of the trachea, preventing it from collapsing

Answer 32

Cartilaginous rings (tracheal cartilages)

Question 33

Paired elastic structures enclosed in the thoracic cage

Answer 33

Lungs

Question 34

Movement of the walls of the thoracic cage and the diaphragm that increase and decrease the capacity of the chest

Answer 34

Ventilation

Question 35

Occurs during the first third of the respiratory cycle; The capacity of the chest is increased, air enters through the trachea because of the lowered pressure within and inflates the lungs

Answer 35

Inspiration

Question 36

Occurs during the latter two thirds; The chest wall and the diaphragm return to their previous positions, the lungs recoil and force the air out through the bronchi and trachea

Answer 36

Expiration

Question 37

TRUE OR FALSE. The inspiratory phase of respiration normally requires energy

Answer 37

TRUE

Question 38

TRUE OR FALSE. The expiratory phase of respiration is normally passive.

Answer 38

TRUE

Question 39

Is a serous membrane that wraps the outside of the lungs

Answer 39

Pleura

Question 40

Pleura that covers the lungs

Answer 40

Visceral pleura

Question 41

Pleura that lines the thorax

Answer 41

Parietal pleura

Question 42

Found between the visceral and parietal membranes that lubricate the thorax and lungs

Answer 42

Pleural fluid

Question 43

In the middle of the thorax, between the pleural sacs that contain the two lungs. It extends from the sternum to the vertebral column and contains all the thoracic tissue outside the lung

Answer 43

Mediastinum

Question 44

How many lobes are there on each lung

Answer 44

3 on the right, 2 on the left

Question 45

Name the fissure/s on each lung

Answer 45

Horizontal and oblique on the right, Oblique only on the left

Question 46

Discuss the several divisions of bronchi within each lobe of the lung

Answer 46

Main bronchi---Lobar bronchi (3 on R, 2 on L)--Segmental bronchi (10 on R, 8 on L)--Subsegmental bronchi--Bronchioles

Question 47

Where gas exchange happens

Answer 47

Alveoli

Question 48

How many alveoli are there?

Answer 48

300 million

Question 49

Three types of alveolar cells

Answer 49

Type I epithelial cells Type II metabolically active Type III macrophages

Question 50

Type of alveolar cells; form the alveolar walls

Answer 50

Type I epithelial cells

Question 51

Type of alveolar cells; secrete surfactant

Answer 51

Type II metabolically active

Question 52

A phospholipid that lines the inner surface and prevents alveolar collapse

Answer 52

Surfactant

Question 53

Large phagocytic cells that ingest foreign matter; act as an important defense mechanism

Answer 53

Type III macrophages

Question 54

Discuss how gas exchange happens

Answer 54

Air that enters our mouth or nose passes through the trachea to the lungs--- bronchi---alveoli (where gas exchange happens). They absorb oxygen from the inhaled air into the bloodstream and pass carbon dioxide, which is expelled from the body when you exhale.

Question 55

Composition of the air we breath

Answer 55

Nitrogen- 78.82 Oxygen- 20.84 Carbon dioxide- 0.04 Water vapor- 0.05

Question 56

The pressure exerted by each type of gas in a mixture of gasses

Answer 56

Partial pressure

Question 57

Oxygen is carried in the blood in two forms:

Answer 57

As physically dissolved oxygen in the plasma | In combination with the hemoglobin of the red blood cells