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PNUR 104: Nursing Theory 1 > Concept of Nursing > Flashcards

Concept of Nursing Flashcards

Nursing Metaparadigm

1
Q

Canadian Nursing History
Early Beginnings (1639)

A
  • Began at Hotel-Dieu de Québec, the first hospital.
  • Used herbal remedies for illnesses like cholera and smallpox.
  • Indigenous peoples had advanced healthcare systems pre-colonization.
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2
Q

Canadian Nursing History
Late 1800s - Early 1900s

A

Florence Nightingale’s Influence:
- Revolutionized nursing with a focus on sanitation and education.

  • Canadian nursing education was shaped by the British system (Nightingale) and French Canadian religious communities.
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3
Q

Canadian Nursing History
Modern Nursing Education

A
  • Originated in nursing sisterhoods and hospital-based schools.
  • Now provided in colleges and universities, emphasizing gender balance and diversity to reflect Canada’s population.
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4
Q

Nursing

A

A dynamic, caring, and helping relationship aimed at assisting clients to achieve and maintain optimal health (CNA, 1987).

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5
Q

Themes in Nursing Practices

A
  • Caring: Central to nursing.
  • Art and Science: Combines empathy with evidence-based practice.
  • Person-Centered: Focus on individual needs.
  • Holistic: Addresses physical, emotional, social, and spiritual health.
  • Adaptive: Responds to diverse needs and environments.
  • Helping Profession: Promotes health and supports recovery.
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6
Q

Nurse theorists
Florence Nightingale

A
  • Focus: Environment as vital for health and healing.
  • Promoted clean living areas, fresh air, and natural light to improve health outcomes.
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7
Q

Nurse theorists
Sister Callista Roy

A
  • View: Clients are biopsychosocial beings adapting to changing environments.
  • Health: The ability to interact with and adapt to environmental changes.
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8
Q

Nurse theorists
Jean Watson

A
  • View: Individuals as interconnected mind, body, and spirit within nature and the universe.
  • Health: Unity of mind, body, and spirit; focuses on holistic care.
  • Nursing Role: Caring beyond physical illness treatment.
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9
Q

Nurse theorists
Madeleine Leininger

A
  • Health: A culturally defined state of well-being and ability to manage daily life.
  • Focus: Emphasizes incorporating cultural values and practices into healthcare.
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10
Q

Philosophy of Nursing Science

A
  • Explores the human experience, environment, health, and nursing profession.
  • Grounded in core values of respect, empathy, and ethical practice.
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11
Q

Values and Ethics in Nursing:

A
  • Guided by Nursing values + ethical principles like the CNO Code of Conduct.
  • Shape nurses’ approach to patient care, decision-making, and professional responsibilities.
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12
Q

Ways of Knowing in Nursing

A
  • Silence: Accepts knowledge without questioning.
  • Received Knowing: Relies on authority for guidance.
  • Subjective Knowing: Reflects on knowledge’s personal relevance.

-Procedural Knowing: Critically evaluates knowledge.

  • Constructed Knowing: Challenges and critically applies knowledge.

=> Goal: Progress to constructed knowing for adaptive, critical thinking.

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13
Q

Professional Patterns of Knowing

A
  • Empirical: Research-based, evidence-driven knowledge
  • Ethical: Guided by moral principles and professional codes.
  • Personal: Derived from lived experiences and self-awareness
  • Aesthetic: Understanding through empathy and creativity

=> Balance all forms of knowing for holistic, patient-centered care.

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14
Q

Phases of the Helping Relationship

A

Preinteraction:
- Prepare to meet clients by reviewing medical history.

Orientation:
- Build trust, establish rapport, and set mutual care goals.

Working:
- Collaborate to achieve goals, provide care, and adjust plans as needed.

Termination:
- Summarize progress, discuss follow-up, and ensure client comfort with independence.

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15
Q

Key Considerations for Nursing Indigenous Patients

A
  • Worldviews: Respect holistic, interconnected health perspectives, differ from the Western biomedical model.
  • Traditional Practices: Recognize + Respect + Collaborate with Indigenous medicines and healers.
  • Historical Trauma: Be mindful of colonization’s health impacts.
  • Cultural Safety: Provide respectful, culturally aligned care.
  • Indigenous Knowledge: Integrate traditional healing into nursing.

=> Goal: Build trust, dismantle barriers, and provide holistic, culturally responsive care.

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16
Q

Illness Narratives

A

Personal stories of a patient’s health journey, including emotions and perspectives.

17
Q

Benefits of Illness Narratives for Nursing Practice

A
  • Holistic Care: Provides deeper insights for personalized care.
  • Better Communication: Strengthens relationships and care planning.
  • Uncover Needs: Reveals psychosocial and cultural needs.
  • Healing: Helps patients find meaning and emotional relief.
  • Guided Interventions: Informs tailored, effective nursing care.
18
Q

Community Health Nursing

A

Focuses on promoting health and well-being for entire communities.

19
Q

Primary Health Care Nursing

A

The first point of contact of patients in healthcare, providing promotion, prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation services.

20
Q

How Community Health Nursing CONNECT with Primary Health Care Nursing

A
  • Population Focus: Both Address health needs of populations.
  • Health Promotion: Collaborate on prevention and healthy behaviors.
  • Holistic Care: Both consider social, cultural, and environmental factors impacting health.
  • Collaboration: Community nurses work with interprofessional teams, including doctors and social workers.
  • Access: Community nurses Link individuals to primary care services.
21
Q

Scope of Practice for Practical Nurses

A

Practical nurses deliver patient-centered care within their scope and professional standards.

22
Q

Scope of Practice for Practical Nurses

Institutional Settings (Hospitals, Long-term Care)

A
  • Direct Care: Medications, vitals, daily activities.
  • Care Coordination: Develop care plans with teams.
  • Education: Teach health and self-care.
  • Medication Management: Administer and document safely
23
Q

Scope of Practice for Practical Nurses

Community-Based Settings (Home Care, Public Health)

A
  • Health Promotion: Educate on wellness and prevention.
  • Care Coordination: Support transitions between settings.
  • Advocacy: Ensure access to care.
  • Collaboration: Partner with providers and organizations.
24
Q

Nursing Care Models
Traditional

A
  • Focus: Task-oriented, nurse-directed care.
  • Key Features:
    + Independent work with minimal collaboration.
    + Fragmented care; each nurse manages their own patients.
    + Limited autonomy in decisions and care planning.
25
Q

Nursing Care Models
Collaborative

A
  • Focus: Team-based, patient-centered care.
  • Key Features:
    + Shared decision-making and care planning.
    + Open communication for continuity of care.
    + Expanded nursing roles with greater autonomy.
    + Holistic care for individual needs.
26
Q

Intraprofessional Collaboration (Within Nursing)

A
  • Cooperation among nurses (e.g., RNs, LPNs, nurse practitioners, assistants).
  • Key Aspects:
    + Shared decision-making.
    + Open communication.
    Mutual respect for roles.
    + Coordinated care plans.
    + Peer support and mentorship.
    => Goal: Use nursing expertise for high-quality care.
27
Q

Interprofessional Collaboration (Across Professions)

A
  • Definition: Teamwork among healthcare professionals (e.g., nurses, doctors, pharmacists, social workers).
  • Key Elements:
    + Shared goals and patient focus.
    + Effective communication and respect for expertise.
    + Collaborative problem-solving and coordinated care.

=> Goal: Provide comprehensive, holistic, and effective patient care.

28
Q

Collaborative Practice Attributes

A
  • Communication: Open, respectful dialogue with active listening.
  • Mutual Respect: Value each team member’s expertise.
  • Shared Decisions: Collaborate on care decisions.
  • Role Clarity: Understand roles for seamless coordination.
  • Patient-Centeredness: Focus on patient needs and outcomes.
  • Conflict Resolution: Use constructive strategies for disagreements.
29
Q

Healthcare Team Roles

A
  • Nurses: Care, educate, and advocate.
  • Physicians: Diagnose, treat, and oversee care.
  • Pharmacists: Manage and counsel on medications.
  • Social Workers: Support transitions and connect to resources.
  • Therapists: Rehabilitate and promote independence.

=> Key Point: Collaboration ensures quality care.

30
Q

Unregulated Care Providers (UCP)

A
  • Varied education levels and programs.
  • Not bound by specific Practice Standards.

Ex: Health care aides, PSWs, unit aides.

=> Responsible for carrying out delegated task from nurses

31
Q

Nurses’ Responsibilities with (UCPs)

A
  • Communication: Clearly explain care plans and tasks.
  • Delegation: Assign tasks based on competence and needs.
  • Supervision: Monitor performance for safety.
  • Assessment: Evaluate patient needs and changes.
  • Documentation: Record care and instructions.
  • Advocacy: Ensure UCPs work within their scope.
32
Q

Delegation Checklist for Nurses

A
  • Communicate: Provide clear task instructions.
  • Assess: Evaluate the client’s condition and needs.
  • Ensure Safety: Weigh risks and benefits of delegation.
  • Match Task: Align task with UCP’s skills and scope.
  • Verify Skills: Confirm UCP’s competence.
  • Provide Resources: Ensure tools and materials are available.
  • Supervise: Monitor and give feedback.

PNUR 104: Nursing Theory 1 (20 decks)

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