Concept Formation

Question 1

Grouping objects based on perceptual features/functions is…

Answer 1

Perceptual Concepts

Question 2

To us perception to understand…

Answer 2

some perceptions share qualities that make them more same than others (The “treeless” of a tree , used to call these schemas)

Question 3

HERNSTEIN (1976)

Answer 3

Perceptual concept- tested Ps by showing them 100s of pictures (w/ and w/o people) Later studies found Ps understand fish, trees, and specific person

Question 4

D’Amato & Van Sant (1988)

Answer 4

Trained capuchin monkeys to discriminate people from not people

(Generally got it right BUT the mistakes show that animals didn’t recognize a portrait of a person (no arms/legs)

Question 5

WATANABE (2001)

Answer 5

Ps were shown 1 of 4 categories of stem (4 groups) birds saw either.
Photos of people or pigeons, cartoons people or pigeons, PH1 trained in go-no go, PH2 tested the birds on New images from their class & with scrabbled images containing elements

Question 6

What were the results of WATANABE (2001) studies?

Answer 6

Ps recognized new photos > cartoons
Suggest they may be paying attention to different features

Question 7

BHATT (1998)

Answer 7

Question Do animals in the world think in terms of “tree” and “not tree”?

Question 8

What were the results of AUST & HUBER (2006) studies?

Answer 8

After being trained on creepy body parts:
Birds responded to other human parts, not random Lvov’s of skin color, they did perceive images as “representations”

Question 9

DAVIS (1997)

Answer 9

Rates can discriminate between people
After a 10 min exposure with a person, the rat would later choose that person

Question 10

HANGGI (2010)

Answer 10

Horses can discriminate 3D objects (depending on the angle of the view)

Question 11

LEVEY (2009)

Answer 11

Northern mockingbirds can form concept of particular people

Question 12

Object Permanence

Answer 12

Objects that disappear, continue to exist

Question 13

What is STUPID?

Answer 13

Invisible displacement

Question 14

Visible displacement task

Answer 14

You have an object, and hide it behind another object

Question 15

Invisible displacement

Answer 15

The object is placed in a container & taken behind a screen, object is removed from container, empty container is given back to participant

Question 16

GAGNON & DORE’ (1994)

Answer 16

They tested Puppies/dogs with the invisible displacement trail

Question 17

What’s the difference e tween visible and invisible displacement?

Answer 17

Many animals could solve visible displacement because it occurs all over nature: prey hide behind rocks and down holes - any predator should be able to solve VD

Question 18

WRIGHT (1988)

Answer 18

Discovered one of the very first studies of “matching to sample task”

Question 19

WASSERMAN & BHATT (1992)

Answer 19

Can different objects be considered “equivalent”

One key = cars & flowers
Other key = People & Chairs
Called Common response