Concept Essays Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What is the definition of justice?

A

Oxford English Dictionary defines justice as “just conduct; fairness”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two types of justice?

A

Procedural Justice and Substantive Justice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is procedural justice? Give an example

A

How the legal system works and making it fair.
Example- legal aid allows people to have access to help.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is substantive justice? Give an example

A

The law themselves and the rules being fair.
Example- the law on murder is fair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the four theories of justice?

A

Corrective justice
Natural law theory
Utilitarianism
Entitlement theory of justice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is corrective justice?

A

When justice is disturbed by a wrongdoing, there should be a way of restoring the original position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Natural law theory?

A

That there is a “higher” natural law, derived from god and if this law is followed there will be justice.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the Utilitarianism theory?

A

If the law benefits the majority of people, even if a minority is affected it is just.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the entitlement theory of justice?

A

That individuals have the natural right to enjoy life, health and liberty free from the interference of others.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the definition of Fault?
(There are two)

A

Fault is used to describe the idea of culpability or blameworthiness.
Oxford English Dictionary- “something wrongly done, mistake or culpability”.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Is the UK legal system based on fault? If so why?

A

Yes, as in both criminal and civil law there is a standard of the burden of proof, in order to correctly put the blame on someone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the burden of proof in criminal law?

A

Beyond a reasonable doubt that the D is guilty.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the burden of proof in civil law?

A

Balance of probability, 51/49 ect.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Fault is a ________ of blame

A

Marker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Explain fault being a marker of blame.

A

Marking the blame on somebody gives them responsibilities and therefore justifies the punishment given to them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Give examples of Fault being a marker of blame.

A

Criminal- imprisonment/ loss of freedom
Civil- compensation
The punishments display the blame being put on the D.

17
Q

What are some examples of fault in criminal law?

A

Higher sentences depending on the crime- s18 Gbh= up to life (more than s20) as you are more at fault as your intentions are higher.

18
Q

What are some examples of fault in civil law?

A

Negligence stage 2- marker of blame when discussing characteristics, if you are experienced in something you are judged by a higher standard and therefore are more at fault.

19
Q

Why is harm important?

A

Harm justifies punishments and can be crucial when dealing with more serious offences.

20
Q

What are the different areas of offences that harm covers?

A

Self harm- euthanasia
Society- hate speeches
Physical/ mental harm
Property

21
Q

Explain Autonomy?

A

Autonomy means freedom, and in the case of Mill, it says society should only intervene with someone’s freedom if that person is causing harm to others.

22
Q

Explain Individual Responsibility?

A

A person can choose the way they act, and can cause the events of their own actions therefore it is fair to hold them responsible for their actions.

23
Q

What is Fair Labelling?

A

Where the name of the offence is clear enough that it matches the crime exactly causing no confusion.

24
Q

What is correspondence?

A

Where the Actus Reus and men’s rea of a crime match with eachother.

25
Q

What is Maximum Certainty?

A

The law should be clear so a person is aware of what is legal and illegal.

26
Q

What is No Retrospective Liability?

A

Where the law should only apply to future conducts not ones in the past when the law didn’t exist.