concept 4: genetic engineering Flashcards
What is the overall goal of genetic engineering and how are we able to accomplish it?
To manipulate an organism’s genome, by copying DNA using PCRs, gene maps, restriction enzymes, and gel electrophoresis
What are examples of genetic engineering (name 2) ? What are the societal implications?
Gene cloning, gene therapy, personal genome sequencing, selective breeding (“pharm” animals, genetically modified organisms, inbreeding, hybridizaiton)
Societal implicaitons: Better diagnose and treat diseases, alter affected genes through gene therapy, produce pharmaceuticals and pharm animals and plants, use microorganisms for enviormental cleanup, Forensics, Agriculture (GMOs)
What is biotechnology?
refers to any technology used to change the genetic makeup of living things to make products
What is genetic engineering?
the direct manipulation of an organism’s genome using biotechnology
- the process of replacing specific genes in an organism in order to ensure that the organism expresses a desired trait
What is recombinant DNA?
artificially made DNA from 2 or more different sources
- can only occur when we know where genes occur on specific chromosomes
What is a gene map?
show the location of a gene on a chromosome
What is a genome?
an organisms complete set of DNA, all of its genes
( human genome project, ENCODE, 1000 genomes project)
What are restriction enzymes?
Restriction enzymes are used to cut strands of DNA at specific locations
- resulting fragments have at least 1 sticky end and can be joined with other DNA fragments by DNA ligase
What is the polymerase chain reaction?
a technique that allows you to copy a piece of DNA without a cell
- aka DNA amplifacation
What is Gel electrophoresis?
a laboratory method that uses an electric current to separate DNA fragments based on their molecular size
- useful for DNA fingerprinting
What is gene cloning?
producing multiple identical copies of a gene
What is transformation?
the process of inserting recombinant DNA into host cells
What is gene therapy?
inserting a normal gene (or editing an existing gene) to fix an absent or abnormal gene
What is CRISPR
A gene-editing technique that helps us to understand the genetics behind many diseases
What are Stem cells?
undifferentiated cells that have the potential to become anything
