concept 2 (complex inheritance patterns)

Question 1

What is the difference between incomplete dominance and codominance? (with examples)

Answer 1

FOr incomplete dominance, the heterozygous phenotype is somehwere between the two homozygous phenotypes. ex. Red and white flowers make pink flowers

Codominance: Both traits are fully and separately expressed. (speckled) ex. blood type; type AB is fully A and B.

Question 2

What is the difference between multiple alleles and polygenic traits? (examples as well)

Answer 2

Multiple alleles: when there are more than two alleles for one gene
ex. blood type alleles and fur color in rabbits

polygenic inheritance is a trait produced by 2 or more alleles, usually showing a range in phenotype, like eye color, skin color, or height

Question 3

How is blood type an example for both codominance and multiple alleles?

Answer 3

Blood type AB is fully A and fully B (codominance)

blood types have A, B and i
(multiple alleles)

Question 4

What is the difference between linked genes and sex-linked traits?

Answer 4

Linked genes are genes that are physically located on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together (ex. blonde hair and blue eyes, red hair and freckles)

Sex linked traits are genes on the sex chromosome (genes on the X are X linked, genes on the Y are Y-linked)
X linked traits tend to only be carried by women, to be passed on to their sons because males only need 1 of the specific allele because they only have 1 X.

Question 5

What is the difference between traits inherited on sex chromosomes and traits inherited on autosomes?

Answer 5

Traits inherited on sex chromosomes are linked to the X or Y chromosome, leaving most sex-linked traits easier for males to receive because they only have one X chromosome, giving them less chance of receiving the dominant gene. Traits inherited on autosomes are not tied to biological sex.

Question 6

What is chromosome theory of inheiritance?

Answer 6

Genes located on chromosomes and the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis account for inheritance patterns

Question 7

What is epistasis?

Answer 7

when one gene overshadows all the others
occurs after/during polygenic inheritance

Question 8

What is a carrier?