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Biology Basics Honors > Concept 2: Cell Transport > Flashcards

Concept 2: Cell Transport Flashcards

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1
Q

Define homeostasis

A

stable internal conditions

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2
Q

Define dynamic equilibrium

A

not exactly the same, but within a certain range

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3
Q

Name the three aspects of homeostasis

A

pH, temperature, blood sugar

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4
Q

Name the three desired values for homostasis

A

pH of 7, 98.6ºF, ~100mg blood sugar

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5
Q

Define hyperglycemic

A

high blood sugar

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6
Q

Define hypoglycemic

A

low blood sugar

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7
Q

Define stimulus (plural “stimuli”)

A

changes in environment

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8
Q

Define response

A

the response to stimuli

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9
Q

Define feedback mechanism

A

cells/your body maintain homeostasis as they receive stimuli

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10
Q

Give the structure for a feedback loop

A

input ==> system ==> output ==> input ==> etc.

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11
Q

Define positive feedback loop

A

the output intensifies the response

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12
Q

Give an example of positive feedback loops

A

fruit ripening

fruit ripens –> fruit releases ethylene –> ethylene signals other fruit –> other fruit ripens –> etc.

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13
Q

Define negative feedback loop

A

the output causes a counter response to the system

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14
Q

Give an example of a negative feedback loop

A

thermoregulation
blood vessels go thick and go thin

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15
Q

Which organelle is the main cause of homeostasis at a cellular level?

A

cell membrane

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16
Q

Define semi-permeable

A

selective permeability

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17
Q

What can pass through the cell membrane?

A

small things
non-polar/hydrophobic things
neutral (specifically water)

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18
Q

What can’t pass through the cell membrane?

A

large things
polar/hydrophilic things

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19
Q

Define passive transport

A

things are transported in and out of the cell w/o using energy

20
Q

Define active transport

A

things are transported in and out of the cell using energy

21
Q

Define equilibrium

A

equal concentration between two sides

22
Q

What does ATP stand for?

A

adenosine triphosphate

23
Q

Define solute

A

the thing that is being dissolved

24
Q

Define solvent

A

the thing that is dissolving

25
Q

Define solution

A

the solute + the solvent

26
Q

Define concentration

A

the amount of solute in the solvent

27
Q

What is the symbol for concentration?

A

[]

28
Q

Define concentration gradient

A

difference in concentration from one location to another

29
Q

Give an example of a concentration gradient

A

hot chocolate

30
Q

Define simple diffusion

A

molecules are spread across the membrane until there is equilibrium

31
Q

What are the most common molecules that experience simple diffusion?

A

Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide

32
Q

Define facilitated diffusion

A

molecules are spread through a transport protein until there is equilibrium

33
Q

Define osmosis

A

diffusion of water across the cell membrane

34
Q

Define hypertonic

A

the cell has a higher concentration of water than its surroundings

35
Q

Define isotonic

A

the cell has an equal concentration of water than its surroundings

36
Q

Define hypotonic

A

the cell has a lower concentratin of water than its surroundings

37
Q

Define molecular pump

A

uses energy to go against the concentration gradient through a protein channel

38
Q

What are the most common elements/molecules in molecular pumps?

A

K+, Cl-, Na+

39
Q

Define endocytosis

A

moving large molecules into the cell

40
Q

Define exocytosis

A

move large molecules out of the cell

41
Q

How does endocytosis work?

A

The large molecule approaches the cell membrane, and the cell membrane wraps around it, forming a vesicle in the cell

42
Q

How does exocytosis work?

A

The vesicle approaches the cell, and the vesicle merges with the cell membrane, releasing the contents of the vesicle

43
Q

Name the two types of endocytosis

A

phagocytosis
pinocytosis

44
Q

Define phagocytosis

A

endocytosis with solids

45
Q

Define pinocytosis

A

endocytosis with liquids

Biology Basics Honors (2 decks)

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