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Biology Basics Honors > Concept 1: Cell Theory & Organelles > Flashcards

Concept 1: Cell Theory & Organelles Flashcards

learn about cells and cell organelles!

1
Q

What are the three basic aspects of cell theory?

A
  1. All living things are made of cells
  2. Cells are the basic unit of life
  3. Cells are made from other, smaller cells
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2
Q

Define unicellular

A

an organism made from one cell only

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3
Q

Give an example of a unicellular organism

A

ANSWERS MAY VARY (amoeba, protazoa, bacteria)

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4
Q

Define multicellular

A

an organism made from many cells

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5
Q

What are the two types of cells?

A

Prokaryotic, eukaryotic

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6
Q

What do both types of cells contain?

A

genetic material (DNA/RNA), cytoplasm, cell membrane, ribosomes

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7
Q

Do prokaryotic cells have a nucleus?

A

No

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8
Q

Do prokaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles?

A

No

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9
Q

How do prokaryotic cells divide?

A

Binary fission

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10
Q

What size do prokaryotic cells come in?

A

Unicellular

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11
Q

What kind of cell walls do prokaryotic cells come in?

A

peptidoglycan

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12
Q

Do eukaryotic cells have a nucleus?

A

Yes

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13
Q

Do eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles?

A

Yes

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14
Q

How do eukaryotic cells divide?

A

Mitosis

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15
Q

What size do eukaryotic cells come in?

A

Unicellular or multicellular

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16
Q

Do eukaryotic cells have cell walls? If so, what kind?

A

ONLY in fungi and plants
Either chitin or cellulose walls

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17
Q

Give an example of a prokaryotic cell

A

ANSWERS MAY VARY (bacteria)

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18
Q

Give an example of a eukaryotic cell

A

ANSWERS MAY VARY (animals/plants/fungi/protists)

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19
Q

Define organelle

A

Specialized structures within the cell (like organs for the cell)

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20
Q

What is the sole purpose of cell organelles?

A

MAKE PROTEINS

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21
Q

What is the structure of the cell membrane?

A

Surrounds the cell
Two layers (phospholipid bilayer)

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22
Q

What is the purpose of the cell membrane?

A

Lets certain things in and out
Helps with comunication
Homeostasis

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23
Q

What is the cell membrane made of?

A

Phospholipid bilayer

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24
Q

What type of molecule can pass through the phospholipid bilayer?

A

fat-soluble molecule

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25
What do water-soluble molecules need to pass through the cell membrane?
protein channel
26
What is the model of the cell membrane called?
Fluid Mosaic Model
27
What is the purpose of carbs in the cell membrane?
structure
28
Give an example of a fat-soluble molecule
ANSWERS MAY VARY (Vitamin A)
29
What is the structure of the cytoskeleton?
A thread-like structure made from proteins
30
What does the cytoskeleton do?
give shape, move organelles
31
What is the structure of the cytoplasm?
jelly-like fluid made from water
32
What is the job of the cytoplasm?
Hold things in place, solution for chemical reactions to take place
33
What is the structure of the nucleus?
Contains DNA, is surrounded by a nuclear membrane
34
What is the job of the nucleus?
Protects the DNA, which controls the activities of the cell
35
What is the structure of the nuceolus?
inside nucleus
36
What does the nucleolus do?
makes rRNA (ribosomal RNA), which makes ribosomes
37
What is the structure of ribosomes?
made from rRNA and proteins, located on the rough ER and floating in the cytoplasm
38
What is the process of making proteins called?
translation
39
Where do proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum go?
outside the cell
40
Where do proteins from the cytoplasm go?
for use in the cell
41
What is the structure of the Rough ER?
hugs the nucleus, ribosomes on its surface
42
What is the function of the Rough ER?
makes proteins, sends them to the golgi apparatus in vesicles
43
What is the structure of the Smooth ER?
no ribosomes, aattached to the rough ER
44
What is the function of the Smooth ER?
makes lipids, stores Ca2+ (calcium)
45
What is the structure of the golgi apparatus?
folded membrane
46
What does the golgi apparatus do?
receives vesicles process, sort, and ship proteins
47
What is the function of lysosomes?
contains enzymes that break down dead stuff
48
Define apoptosis
when lysosomes self-destruct
49
What is the structure of vacuoles?
small and numerous in animal cells one large one in plant cells
50
What is the function of vacuoles?
stores water, nutrients, etc.
51
What is the structure of centrioles?
made of microtobules
52
Define centrosome
two centrioles
53
What is the function of centrioles?
present during cell division pulls cells apart
54
What is the structure of cilia?
many, short hair-like projections
55
Define microvilli
short, hair-like projections THAT DO NOT MOVE
56
What is the structure of flagella?
longer hair-like projects
57
What is the function of cilia?
move fluid across the cell's surface
58
What is the structure of mitochondria?
made up of two parts, inner membrane and matrix
59
What is the matrix part of a mitochondria?
fluid part
60
What is the function of mitochondria?
cellular respiration
61
Summarize cellular respiration
breaks down chemical energy in food into ATP
62
Define cellular respiration
glucose + 6O2 ==> 6CO2 + 6H20 + energy/ATP
63
What is the structure of the chloroplast?
two parts, grana (stacks) and stroma (fluid)
64
What is the function of the chloroplast?
photosynthesis
65
Summarize photosynthesis
sun energy is converted to sugar/chemical energy
66
Define photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight ==> glucose + 6O2
67
What is the cell wall made of in plants?
cellulose
68
What is the cell wall made of in fungi?
chitin
69
What is the cell wall made of in bacteria?
peptidoglycan
70
Which organelles are only found in animals?
lysosomes, centrioles, cilia, flagella
71
Which organelles are only found in plants?
chloroplast, cell wall

Biology Basics Honors (2 decks)

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