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Biology Basics Honors > Concept 1: Cell Theory & Organelles > Flashcards

Concept 1: Cell Theory & Organelles Flashcards

learn about cells and cell organelles!

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1
Q

What are the three basic aspects of cell theory?

A
  1. All living things are made of cells
  2. Cells are the basic unit of life
  3. Cells are made from other, smaller cells
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2
Q

Define unicellular

A

an organism made from one cell only

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3
Q

Give an example of a unicellular organism

A

ANSWERS MAY VARY (amoeba, protazoa, bacteria)

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4
Q

Define multicellular

A

an organism made from many cells

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5
Q

What are the two types of cells?

A

Prokaryotic, eukaryotic

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6
Q

What do both types of cells contain?

A

genetic material (DNA/RNA), cytoplasm, cell membrane, ribosomes

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7
Q

Do prokaryotic cells have a nucleus?

A

No

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8
Q

Do prokaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles?

A

No

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9
Q

How do prokaryotic cells divide?

A

Binary fission

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10
Q

What size do prokaryotic cells come in?

A

Unicellular

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11
Q

What kind of cell walls do prokaryotic cells come in?

A

peptidoglycan

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12
Q

Do eukaryotic cells have a nucleus?

A

Yes

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13
Q

Do eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles?

A

Yes

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14
Q

How do eukaryotic cells divide?

A

Mitosis

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15
Q

What size do eukaryotic cells come in?

A

Unicellular or multicellular

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16
Q

Do eukaryotic cells have cell walls? If so, what kind?

A

ONLY in fungi and plants
Either chitin or cellulose walls

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17
Q

Give an example of a prokaryotic cell

A

ANSWERS MAY VARY (bacteria)

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18
Q

Give an example of a eukaryotic cell

A

ANSWERS MAY VARY (animals/plants/fungi/protists)

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19
Q

Define organelle

A

Specialized structures within the cell (like organs for the cell)

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20
Q

What is the sole purpose of cell organelles?

A

MAKE PROTEINS

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21
Q

What is the structure of the cell membrane?

A

Surrounds the cell
Two layers (phospholipid bilayer)

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22
Q

What is the purpose of the cell membrane?

A

Lets certain things in and out
Helps with comunication
Homeostasis

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23
Q

What is the cell membrane made of?

A

Phospholipid bilayer

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24
Q

What type of molecule can pass through the phospholipid bilayer?

A

fat-soluble molecule

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25
Q

What do water-soluble molecules need to pass through the cell membrane?

A

protein channel

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26
Q

What is the model of the cell membrane called?

A

Fluid Mosaic Model

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27
Q

What is the purpose of carbs in the cell membrane?

A

structure

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28
Q

Give an example of a fat-soluble molecule

A

ANSWERS MAY VARY (Vitamin A)

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29
Q

What is the structure of the cytoskeleton?

A

A thread-like structure made from proteins

30
Q

What does the cytoskeleton do?

A

give shape, move organelles

31
Q

What is the structure of the cytoplasm?

A

jelly-like fluid made from water

32
Q

What is the job of the cytoplasm?

A

Hold things in place, solution for chemical reactions to take place

33
Q

What is the structure of the nucleus?

A

Contains DNA, is surrounded by a nuclear membrane

34
Q

What is the job of the nucleus?

A

Protects the DNA, which controls the activities of the cell

35
Q

What is the structure of the nuceolus?

A

inside nucleus

36
Q

What does the nucleolus do?

A

makes rRNA (ribosomal RNA), which makes ribosomes

37
Q

What is the structure of ribosomes?

A

made from rRNA and proteins, located on the rough ER and floating in the cytoplasm

38
Q

What is the process of making proteins called?

A

translation

39
Q

Where do proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum go?

A

outside the cell

40
Q

Where do proteins from the cytoplasm go?

A

for use in the cell

41
Q

What is the structure of the Rough ER?

A

hugs the nucleus, ribosomes on its surface

42
Q

What is the function of the Rough ER?

A

makes proteins, sends them to the golgi apparatus in vesicles

43
Q

What is the structure of the Smooth ER?

A

no ribosomes, aattached to the rough ER

44
Q

What is the function of the Smooth ER?

A

makes lipids, stores Ca2+ (calcium)

45
Q

What is the structure of the golgi apparatus?

A

folded membrane

46
Q

What does the golgi apparatus do?

A

receives vesicles
process, sort, and ship proteins

47
Q

What is the function of lysosomes?

A

contains enzymes that break down dead stuff

48
Q

Define apoptosis

A

when lysosomes self-destruct

49
Q

What is the structure of vacuoles?

A

small and numerous in animal cells
one large one in plant cells

50
Q

What is the function of vacuoles?

A

stores water, nutrients, etc.

51
Q

What is the structure of centrioles?

A

made of microtobules

52
Q

Define centrosome

A

two centrioles

53
Q

What is the function of centrioles?

A

present during cell division
pulls cells apart

54
Q

What is the structure of cilia?

A

many, short hair-like projections

55
Q

Define microvilli

A

short, hair-like projections THAT DO NOT MOVE

56
Q

What is the structure of flagella?

A

longer hair-like projects

57
Q

What is the function of cilia?

A

move fluid across the cell’s surface

58
Q

What is the structure of mitochondria?

A

made up of two parts, inner membrane and matrix

59
Q

What is the matrix part of a mitochondria?

A

fluid part

60
Q

What is the function of mitochondria?

A

cellular respiration

61
Q

Summarize cellular respiration

A

breaks down chemical energy in food into ATP

62
Q

Define cellular respiration

A

glucose + 6O2 ==> 6CO2 + 6H20 + energy/ATP

63
Q

What is the structure of the chloroplast?

A

two parts, grana (stacks) and stroma (fluid)

64
Q

What is the function of the chloroplast?

A

photosynthesis

65
Q

Summarize photosynthesis

A

sun energy is converted to sugar/chemical energy

66
Q

Define photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight ==> glucose + 6O2

67
Q

What is the cell wall made of in plants?

A

cellulose

68
Q

What is the cell wall made of in fungi?

A

chitin

69
Q

What is the cell wall made of in bacteria?

A

peptidoglycan

70
Q

Which organelles are only found in animals?

A

lysosomes, centrioles, cilia, flagella

71
Q

Which organelles are only found in plants?

A

chloroplast, cell wall

Biology Basics Honors (2 decks)

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