Concept Flashcards
Chemical messenger that influences or controls functions of other organs or body tissues. Each has a unique function.
Hormone
A specialized group of cells/tissues/organ that makes and secretes hormones.
Endocrine gland
Physiological mechanisms that regulate the secretion and action of hormones associated with the endocrine system.
Hormonal regulation
Hypothalamus, pituitary, parathyroids, thyroid, adrenals, testes, pancreas and ovaries are all part of what system?
Endocrine system
T3, T4, Calcitonin, and PTH are made in which gland?
Thyroid and parathyroid glands
Melatonin is created in which gland?
Pineal gland
TRH, CRH, GHRH, Dopamine, Somatostatin, and Vasopressin are created in which gland?
Hypothalamus gland
GR, TSH, ACTH, FSH, MSH, LH, Prolactin, Oxytocin, Vasopressin are all created in which gland?
Pituitary gland
Thymopoietin is created in which gland?
Thymus
IGF and THPO are created in which organ?
Liver
Androgens, Glucocorticoids, Adrenaline, and Noradrenaline are created in which gland?
Adrenal glands
Estrogen and progesterone are created in which organ?
Ovary and placenta
Prolactin and relaxin are created in which organ?
Uterus
Androgens, estradiol and inhibit are created in which organ?
Testes
Calcitriol, renin, and erythropoietin are formed in which organ?
Kidney
Insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin is created in which organ?
Pancreas
Gastrin, ghrelin, histamine, somatostatin, and neuroleptics Y are created in which organ?
Stomach
Blood hormone level or compound level determines increase or decrease of secreted hormone
Negative feedback
Hormone secretion determined by other body rhythms
Biological Rhythms
Increasing hormone levels cause second hormone increase, which in turn, causes more release of the first hormone.
Positive feedback
Stimulation controls hormone release (fight or flight response)
Nervous system control
What hormones increase in adolescence-puberty?
Gonadotropins
A reduction in hormones due to age can be manifested in which ways?
Frailty, menopause, and ADH decreases.
What are the causes of hormone imbalances?
Trauma, genetic conditions, congenital conditions, inflammatory conditions, tumors, signaling errors, physiological triggers (stress, sleep deprivation), target tissue or receptor site problems (insensitivity)
What risk factors are there for hormonal imbalances?
Hormone supplement therapy (birth control), advanced age, obesity, genetics, family history, autoimmune conditions, cancer treatment, chronic medical conditions, stress and trauma.
Depending on the gland or hormone involved what would be involved in a patient assessment?
History, exam findings (vitals, height and weight, physical exam-skin, hair, nails, body composition, genitalia, thyroid), diagnostic tests (hormone levels or stimulation/suppression testing, imaging, and biopsy)
What are examples of primary prevention?
Education, diet, exercise, weight control, stress management, sleep routine, and injury avoidance.
What are examples of secondary prevention?
Congenital screening of newborns (PKU), thyroid screening of adults, and DNA screening.
Management examples
Pharmacotherapy, nutrition therapy, fluid and electrolyte management, surgery, radiation, psychosocial support, and patient education.
