Comquest 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the salter types of fractures?

A

type 1: straight through growth plate
type 2: above growth plate, so metaphysis
type 3: lower than growth plate, so epiphysis
type 4: through everyting, all 3
type 5: crush

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2
Q

What is the leading cause of blood transfusion related death?

A

donor antibodies against recipient white blood cells in the lung

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3
Q

What is first line treatment for rate control of a fib?

A

beta blockers or calcium channel lockers

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4
Q

I have a patient with UTI and AMS, how do I give abx and why?

A

IV because they aint taking oral

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5
Q

What type of anesthesia in elderly with femoral neck fracture?

A

regional block so they don’t have to have opioids

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6
Q

child 4-10 with hip pain and limp, what am I thinking?

A

avascular necrosis of hip

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7
Q

Describe the 4 classes of hemorrhage?

A

The classes of hemorrhage are based on the percentage of blood volume lost. Class I is less than 15% and presents with minimal hemodynamic changes; Class II is 15 to 30% and presents with tachycardia but normotension; Class III is 30 to 40% and presents with tachycardia (120 to 140 beats per minute), hypotension, and decreased pulse pressure; Class IV is over 40% and presents with tachycardia (over 140 beats per minute), hypotension, and decreased pulse pressure.

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8
Q

What is the most common cause of infectious conjunctivitis

A

Adenovirus

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9
Q

Triad of wernickes

A

Ataxia confusion and nystagmus

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10
Q

What do we use fomepizole for

What do we use flumazenil for

A

Ingestion of alcohols

Be so overdose

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11
Q

What to treat bento withdrawal

A

Chlordiazepoxide

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12
Q

What is the most common cause of travelers diarrhea

A

E. coli

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13
Q

Most common cause of chronic bronchitis

A

Cig smoking

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14
Q

Two big differences between endometriosis and primary dysmenorrhea

A

Primary dysmenorrhea should resolve with nsaids and usually doesn’t last longer than 72 hours

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15
Q

Aspirated pneumonia is what type of bug usually

A

Polymicrobial

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16
Q

How do we treat severe digoxin toxicity

A

Fab or antibody

17
Q

What is the mechanism of action of digoxin

A

Inhibit the sodium potassium pump so it can cause high potassium

18
Q

What are the two bugs I am thinking resistant to abx causing pneumonia

A

Staph and pseudo

19
Q

What type of MI presents with pain referred to the epigatrium

A

Inferior wall or right ventricular

20
Q

First step in treating HHS

A

Give fluids first because of the fluid loss

21
Q

What is the most common cause of osteoblastic metastasis in me

A

Prostate cancer

22
Q

How do we treat methhemoglobinemia

A

Methylene blue

23
Q

MDMA can cause excessive what

A

Serotonin

24
Q

Evidence shows what can help in the treatment on Bell’s palsy

A

Steroids

25
Q

What is a life threatening complication of aortic aneurysm repairs to always keep in mind

A

Aortic enteric fistula causing massive gi bleeding

26
Q

Besides stones, what other cause do I always need to think about with cholangitis

A

Malignant tumor or mass obstructing

27
Q

What to give for pulseless electrical activity

A

Epi

28
Q

Appropriate treatment for uncomplicated cellulitis

A

Empiric treatment without labs or cultures

29
Q

What type of symptoms do and do not respond to antipsychotics

A

Positive usually resolve but negative usually persist

30
Q

What is the best way to stop the spread of c diff

What abx for c diff

A

Hand washing

Vancomycin

31
Q

How do we get endogenous insulin, how do we make it

How do we know if insulin elevation is due to endogenous or exogenous

A

Pro insulin cleaves c peptide and we get insulin
If it is endogenous then both insulin and c peptide should be elevated
If it is exogenous then insulin will be elevated and c peptide will be normal

32
Q

What is the hallmark of neurogenic shock to always look for

A

Hypotension without tachycardia

33
Q

What electrolyte is decreased in the initial stage of rhabdo

A

Calcium

34
Q

Malignant otitis externa is associated with what chronic health condition and what abx to treat to cover what bug

A

Diabetes
Ciprofloxacin
Pseudomonas

35
Q

First line treatment for symptomatic bradycardia

A

Atropine

36
Q

Massive bowel dilation and sick as crap I am thinking

What two risk factors to remember

A

Toxic mega colon

Inflammatory bowel and recent abx use leading to cdiff