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Computer science > Computor Systems > Flashcards

Computor Systems Flashcards

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1
Q

Boolean expressions

A

Until. Response = N OR response = n

Response = N or N are the expression - used to control loops and if statements

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2
Q

Boolean variables

A

Boolean expressions can be given any letter of your choice. The letter is now the Boolean variable
Ie
UNTIL. X OR Y

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3
Q

Three main Boolean terms

A

Not
And
Or

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4
Q

Logic gates are

A

A symbol assigned to each Boolean term

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5
Q

Truth tables

A

Show all possible outcomes of output based on whether input is 0 or 1 ( off or on )

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6
Q

Logic circuits

A

Diagram or circuit of lots of interlinking logic gates

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7
Q

Hardware

A

Any physical component of the computer

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8
Q

Software

A

Any program that runs on the computer

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9
Q

2 main categories of software are

A

Systems software & Application Software

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10
Q

System software description and examples

A

Programs that are needed to enable the function of the computer are classified under System Software.
Operating System, Utility Software, etc

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11
Q

Application Software description and examples

Aka APPS

A

Any program that enables a user to perform a task is classified under this category.
Word, Excel etc

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12
Q

OS ( operating system) description and examples

A

Manages the computers resources; manages applications

Processor, memory, input/output, security etc

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13
Q

Processor management
What is is managed by?
How is it managed?
Example

A

OS manages processors. In a multi tasking system such as windows, many tasks may be running at the same time. In reality the OS assigns a tiny amount of time to each task in turn.
Eg; person typing document pauses to think, OS will give a new task to the processor

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14
Q

Memory management description and example

A

When a program is running it must be in the computers main memory & the OS will many where in memory it must go.
When you start a program the OS allocates the program adequate blocks of free space and allocates memory for any data file you may open.

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15
Q

Application management description and example

A

Application programs need the OS to function. When you install an application program the OS will run a program to install it.

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16
Q

What is the API? Why is it used?

A

The OS system interacts with applications through the Application Program Interface. The OS needs to communicate with the applications about the execution of modules, saving or deleting data etc

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17
Q

management of input and output devices description and example

A

A function of the OS is to control I/O devices. When a user gives an instruction to print a document, the I/O management function takes over & controls the sending of data to be printed from memory to the device driver.

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18
Q

What is a device driver

Link to HP printers

A

Each I/O device had a small program that acts as an interface between the device and the computer which is called the device driver
A HP printer would need a different device driver for a Mac and for a PC

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19
Q

Security management description and example

A

Many functions to protect device from outside threats or attacks eg
User passwords so files can’t be accessed
Automatic downloads of updates so loopholes are quickly patched
Encryption of files

20
Q

Embedded systems description and example

A

Many devices at home use microprocessors or CPUs (embedded systems) to control their functions. They may not need an OS as their tasks are generally simple and repeated

21
Q

Differences of embedded systems to non embedded systems

A

System is held in non volatile memory eg ROM or EPROM and rarely if ever changed during the lifetime of the device
Some can not be changed after manufacture unsustainable to attach peripherals

22
Q

Advantages of embedded systems

A 
Makes device easier to use
Increases reliability 
Enhances usability 
Some connect to WiFi so can record programmes 
Accurate metre bills
23
Q

Utility software description

A 
Most OS include this even though it’s not essential as it makes it easier for the user
Security utilities ie encryption 
Disk organisational utilities 
Data Compression utilities 
File back up utilities
24
Q

Encryption software description

A

Uses an algorithm and key to transform plaintext into ciphertext. Would be necessary to know both the key and algorithm to break it.

25
Q

Maintenance utilities description

A

Disk defragmentation - files are stored anywhere on the disk and my be split up. Making the fragments whole again speeds up read access and is more efficient.
Automatic updating - mainly useful for security and bug fixes so loopholes are closed.

26
Q

Compression software description

A

Size of the file is reduced
Lossy- info lost
Lossless - just squashed

27
Q

Von Neumann architecture

A

Developed the concept of stored computer program in the 1940s
The program is stored in the main memory and instructions are fetched and executed re is a single memory & bus system for accessing both data & the program.

28
Q

Components of the CPU

A

ALU,CU,Clock and bus

29
Q

ALU stands for and 3 main functions

A

Arithematic Logical Unit
Logical Operations (AND OR NOT)
Shift Operations (bits can shift left or right)
Arithmetic Operations

30
Q

Control Unit

A

Coordinates all activities taking place in CPU
Controls execution of instructions sequentially
Decodes instructions
Regulates processor timing using regular pulses from system clock
Sends and receives control signals

31
Q

Clock

A

Controls processor timing
Synchronises all CPU Operations
Clock frequency is the no of clock cycles per second

32
Q

Bus

A

Transports data and instructions between components of the CPU

33
Q

System bus

A

Collection of buses or wires connecting the system components

34
Q

Fetch execute cycle

A

Fetch
Address of the next instruction is fetched from the register. Register is incremental to point to the next instruction. Address is fetched from memory and put into a special register for it to be decoded
Then decoded
Then executed

35
Q

What is the register

A

A fast memory location in the processor

36
Q

Factors that affect CPU performance are

A

Clock speed - more cycles per sec the quicker it is processed. 1 cycle per sec = 1Hz 1bn cycles per sec =1GHz

Cache memory - memory that needs to be accessed quickly is stored temporarily here to reduce time needed to sort through the disk

Core - in theory more processors the better the performance however no viable technology that will process the instructions on multi core sequentially

37
Q

Put the words main memory, secondary storage, CPU and access in a sentence

A

Main memory can be accessed directly from the cpu but secondary storage can not

38
Q

RAM stands for and description

A

Random Access Memory temporarily holds programs and data whilst they are being executed however nothing can be stored here. It is volatile so memory will likely be lost if power is lost. Purpose is to act as a temporary storage between for programs and data for the processor to access

39
Q

ROM stands for and description and include info about booting

A

Read only memory
The OS and all programs are stored on HDD OR SSD but have to loaded into RAM to be run
Bootstrap loader - small program on comp which loads the OS hence the word bootstrapping became booting
Non volatile

40
Q

Cloud storage
Adv
Disadvantage

A 
Saving data in an off site location controlled by 3rd party provider 
Adv 
Back up is responsibility of provider 
Access anywhere 
Share data people in other locations
Diasadv 
Dependent on internet connection 
Security may be an issue
41
Q

Types of secondary storage

A

HDD,SSD,Optical disks,Magnetic Disks

42
Q

5 things to consider when purchasing a secondary storage device

A 
Capacity 
Speed 
Portability 
Durability 
Reliability
43
Q

Magnetic disks description
Advantages
Disadvantages

A

Reads the disk through drive head which scours and reads the data off the disk
Cheap,high capacity, very reliable
Not portable, easily damaged

44
Q

Types of flash memory
Adv
Disadvantage

A

USB,SSD mainly used for portable devices
Reliable,light,fast,low power consumption
Expensive,deteriorate, not long lasting

45
Q

Types of optical devices.
Advantages
Disadvantages

A

CD,DVD,Blue-Ray
Used for movies music games
Cheap,portable
Easily damaged

Computer science (7 decks)

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