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MOCKS > COMPUTING > Flashcards

COMPUTING Flashcards

1
Q

CPU stands for

A

Central Processing Unit

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2
Q

ALU stands for

A

Arithmetic Logic Unit

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3
Q

CU stands for

A

Control Unit

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4
Q

The part of the computer that fetches and executes the … stored in the …

A

Instructions, Main Memory

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5
Q

Explain why having a dual core processor might improve the performance of the computer.

A

The more cores the computer has the greater number of fetch decode execute cycles it can do simultaneously, this provides vastly superior processing power

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6
Q

How cache size affects the CPU

A

The cache holds frequently accessed data and instructions, the bigger the cache the less time a processor has to wait for an instruction to be fetched, therefore making a computer faster but if you put too much you wont see any disenable difference as it will take longer to get completely killing its novelty

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7
Q

Out of RAM and ROM which stores data

A

Both

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8
Q

Out of RAM and ROM which is volatile

A

RAM

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9
Q

Out of RAM and ROM which is non-volatile

A

ROM

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10
Q

Out of RAM and ROM which data is read-only

A

ROM

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11
Q

Out of RAM and ROM which stores currently running data and instructions

A

RAM

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12
Q

Difference between RAM and flash memory

A

RAM is volatile, flash memory is not

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13
Q

Discuss whether an optical or solid-state device is the most appropriate media to transfer
these files. You may want to consider the following characteristics in your answer:
● portability
● robustness
● capacity
● cost

A

Portability
● Both are Small in size / portable and can easily be moved between Kerry’s home and work
● Solid-state can be smaller
● Solid-state less likely to break

Robustness
● Optical are not robust i.e. easily scratched/damaged while being moved
● Solid-state has no moving parts so unlikely to break if dropped

Capacity
● CDs have small capacity
● Depends on Kerry’s files if they are small files e.g. text documents then a CD might be large enough bit if there are lots large files e.g. videos/software then solid state may be more appropriate

Cost:
● Optical cost is small per GB
Solid-state can be reused more times because it’s more durable so may be cost-effective in the long term

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14
Q

Identify three ways that Xander can make use of the file management facility.

A

He can place his files into folders/directories
 He can (re)name files/folders
 He can move his files/folders
 He can copy/transfer/export files/folders
 He can delete his files/folders
 He can set permissions/access rights
 He can search for files
 He can view file details/extensions/file size/type
 He can create files/folders
 He can sort files/folders // he can put files into a specific order // by
example
 He can open files/folders

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15
Q

how the compression software will compress the image file

A

 Use an algorithm
 …to remove repeated/unnecessary data
 Could use lossy/lossless
 lossless will not remove data permanently // lossless means original
file will be restored
 lossy is permanent deletion // lossy means original file will not be
restored
 Reduce number of pixels // reduce resolution
 Record the changes in the colour for each pixel
 … instead of the colour
 Run length encoding
 … record the colour and number of consecutive pixels of that colour
 … instead of the colour of every pixel
 Decrease colour depth//decrease number of colours

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16
Q

Types of utility system software.

A 
Defragmentation software
 Encryption software
 Backup software
 Anti-virus
 Firewall
 Anti-spyware
 Disk checker/cleaner
 Auto-update
 Disk formatting
17
Q

Why is a smart watch a embedded system

A

A smart watch is not a general-purpose computer
 … which means the smart watch has one/limited/specific/dedicated
function(s)
 Smart watch has a microprocessor
 … on a single circuit board
 It is a computer system that is built within the watch
 Runs firmware
 Smart watch has built-in OS // difficult to change/manipulate the
OS/function
 Smart watch has few components all essential to its purpose
 Smart watch has specific hardware required to function i.e.
speaker/headphones

18
Q

Describe the problems that can arise from unauthorised access to his laptop and
confidential documents.

A

 Malware could be put on the computer
 Data protection legislation states personal data must be protected /
breaks Data protection legislation
 … breach of privacy
 …he could lose his job
 Delete files // change data
 … so the important work is lost/changed
 Steal files/data/information // copy data/files/information // keylogger
transmits data/files/information to third party
 … use for illegal activities
 … e.g. profit from the data // gain private information // leak
information to the public
 Data could be locked

19
Q

Describe two ways Hamish can help prevent unauthorised access to his laptop.

A

 Password
 No access without the password // description of strong password //
limit attempts to guess // changing it regularly
 Limited attempts to get into laptop
 before laptop is locked
 Firewall
 Monitor incoming and outgoing transmissions // Stop
unauthorised/unwanted incoming/outgoing transmissions/packets.
 Biometrics
 Need fingerprint/retina scan
 Do not leave laptop logged on/unattended
 So that other people cannot physical access it
 Physical security // keep in locked room
 So that people cannot physically access the laptop

20
Q

Explain how encryption helps to protect Hamish’s documents

A

 Uses an algorithm to
 … jumble/scramble/mix up the data // turns it into cypher text // by
example
 If it is accessed it cannot be understood // it is unintelligible
 Use of keys to encrypt/decrypt data

21
Q

Describe the role of the switch in the office network

A

 To connect the devices together
 Receives data/packets/traffic
 Direct/send data/packets/traffic only to its destination
 Creates/generates a list of devices connected to it as it receives
signals
 Uses MAC addresses of devices connected to it

22
Q

Describe how introducing wireless access could have slowed down the network

A

 Wireless transmission is slower than cabled
 More devices/users could be connected e.g. mobile phones //
increase in traffic
 …reducing bandwidth available for each user // insufficient bandwidth
for users/demand
 Wireless can be limited by interference
 …such as walls that disrupt the signal // from other wireless
networks/users

23
Q

Identify two other factors that can affect the performance of a network.

A 
 Bandwidth available
 Number of users (using the network at the same time)
 (Number of) data collisions
 Interference // by example e.g. walls
 Distance data has to travel // signal strength
 Amount of data being transferred
 Applications being used
 Server/CPU performance
 Using a hub instead of a switch
24
Q

Explain what is meant by a Virtual Network

A

 a software that separates the normal and the virtual network so people in that network can only access what’s in there network
 A private network that runs on a public/existing network

25
Q

Describe the relationship between the website URL (https://www.ocr.org.uk), the IP address
and the webserver.

A

 The website is hosted on a webserver
 The website/webserver has an IP address
 (Browser) sends URL to DNS
 URL has a linked IP
 DNS finds IP
 If DNS cannot find the IP it passes request to higher DNS
 …if not found return error
 IP address sent back to the browser/computer
 (Browser) sends request to IP/webserver
 Webserver processes request for the website/webpage
 …webserver sends the webpage/file/data to the user

26
Q

Explain why the TCP/IP model uses layers.

A

 A layer can be removed/changed etc.

 …without affecting any other layers

27
Q

Sending an email
from one mail server
to another

A

SMTP // Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

28
Q

Transmitting a file
from a client to a
server

A

FTP // File Transfer Protocol

29
Q

Viewing a website

using a web browser

A

HTTP // Hypertext Transfer Protocol
or
HTTPS // Hypertext Transfer Protocol
Secure

30
Q

Downloading an email

to your computer

A

IMAP // Internet Message Access
Protocol
or
POP(3) // Post Office Protocol

31
Q

Fiona is considering selling the game online and not making it available physically in shops.
(a) Describe the environmental impact of Fiona’s decision.

A

 Less/no plastic/paper/raw materials used in manufacture // no need
for packaging // less waste
 Less electrical power needed to manufacture
 No petrol used to distribute/collect
 …smaller carbon footprint
 Fewer disks need to be manufactured
 Fewer factory emissions // less pollution
 Old versions will be thrown away

32
Q

Fiona releases her game under a proprietary licence.

Explain why a proprietary licence is a more appropriate choice than open source

A

 She can sell it for a fee
 Protects/copyrights her source code
 …so it can’t be copied/modified/redistributed

MOCKS (3 decks)

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