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lIving in IT eRa p2 > Computer: Terms and definitions > Flashcards

Computer: Terms and definitions Flashcards

1
Q

What does the term ‘computer’ originally mean?

A

A person capable of performing basic numerical calculations with the help of a mechanical computing device.

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2
Q

What is an abacus?

A

A calculating tool used primarily in parts of Asia for performing arithmetic processes.

User of an abacus who slides the beads of the abacus by hand is called an abacist.
An early computing tool

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3
Q

Who devised the first digital electronic computer?

A

John V. Atanasoff in 1937.

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4
Q

What was ENIAC designed for?

A

To calculate artillery firing tables for the U.S. Army’s Ballistic Research Laboratory.

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5
Q

What is a Hollerith Card or IBM Card?

A

A piece of stiff paper that contains digital information represented by the presence or absence of holes in predefined positions.

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6
Q

What is a microprocessor?

A

A component that incorporates most of the functions of a central processing unit (CPU).

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7
Q

What is the focus of fifth-generation computers?

A

Principles of Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language Recognition.

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8
Q

Define hardware in the context of a computer.

A

The tangible parts of the computer that you can touch.

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9
Q

What is software?

A

A set of instructions that makes the computer perform tasks.

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10
Q

What are the capabilities of a computer?

A
  • Perform arithmetic operations
  • Perform relational and logical operations
  • Store and retrieve information
  • Process information at a very high speed
  • Direct itself in a predetermined manner without human intervention
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11
Q

What are some limitations of a computer?

A
  • Computers do not think for you
  • Cannot correct inaccurate data
  • Subject to breakdown
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12
Q

List some uses of computers.

A
  • Personal Computing
  • Science and Research
  • Information System/Data Processing
  • Education
  • Medicine
  • Artificial Intelligence
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13
Q

What is the difference between data and information?

A
  • Data: Raw, unorganized facts
  • Information: Data that has been processed into a meaningful form
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14
Q

Who are computer users?

A

People who use a computer to obtain information.

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15
Q

Name the six basic categories of computers.

A
  • Embedded computers
  • Mobile devices
  • Personal computers
  • Midrange servers
  • Mainframe computers
  • Supercomputers
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16
Q

What are embedded computers?

A

Computers embedded into a product designed to perform specific tasks or functions for that product.

17
Q

What is a personal computer also known as?

A

A microcomputer.

18
Q

What is a mainframe computer used for?

A

To manage large amounts of centralized data for large organizations.

19
Q

What distinguishes supercomputers?

A

They are the fastest, most expensive, and most powerful type of computer.

20
Q

Fill in the blank: A computer is a system consisting of two components: ______ and software.

A

[hardware]

21
Q

Fill in the blank: A program is a set of ______ meant to be followed mechanically by a computer.

A

[instructions]

22
Q

True or False: Computers can think for you.

A

False

23
Q

First Generation (Vacuum Tubes) 1939-1954

A

Computer was expensive and bulky
Used machine language for computing and solve problem at a time
Could not support multitasking activities

24
Q

ENIAC In 1946

A

Electronic Numerical Integrated and Calculator

25
Q

Dealt with the automation of the process of bookkeeping on banking

A

ERMA

26
Q

3rd Generation Chip/Integrated (IC) 1959-1971

A

Semi-conducyors increased the speed and efficiency of the computer.

27
Q

Is a miniaturized electronic circuit that has been manufactured on the surface of a thin sibstrate of semiconductor material

A

Integrated Circuit, IC, Microship, Silicon Chip, Chip

28
Q

3rd Generation 1968, DEC (Digital Equipment Corporation) launched the first minicomouter called

A

PDP-8

29
Q

4th Gen microscope 1971 - 1991
Intel produced large-scale integration circuits in

1972, Intel introduced the

A

1971

8080 microprocessors

30
Q

Microprocessors incorporates most of the functions of a

The first microprocessor emerged in the early 1970’s and were used for electronic calculations using

A

CPU

Binary code decimal (BCD) arithmetic.

lIving in IT eRa p2 (3 decks)

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