Computer Systems Flashcards
What are basic values or facts? They can be unstructured and lack context.
Data
What data has been organized and/or processed in a way useful in solving some kinds of problems?
Information
True or false
Information isn’t really needed, it’s just an option we can use to get more data but isn’t really helpful
False
Information is data that has been organized and/or processed in a way that is useful in organizing and/or processed in away that is useful in solving some kind of problem.
Helps us answer questions. (it “informs”)
True or false?
Data must be structured and requires context
False.
What is the definition of multimedia?
Several different data types
What are some examples of things the computer stores, presents and helps modify different types of data?
Numbers, text, audio, images and graphics, and video.
What Reduces the amount of space needed to store a piece of data
Data compression
What decides the number of bits or bytes that can be transmitted from one place to another in a fixed amount of time?
Bandwidth
What is the strategy size of the compressed data divided by the size of the uncompressed data?
Compression ratio
A data compression technique in which there is no loss of information
Lossless
What is a data compression technique in which there is a loss of information?
Lossy
What is a continuous representation of data
Analog data
What is a discrete representation of data?
Digital Data
What does digitize data do?
Breaks it into pieces and representing those pieces separately
What reason laces frequently used words with a single character?
Keyword encoding
What takes repeated characters and replaces them with “Flag Characters”? (AKA recurring coding)?
Run length encoding
What uses variable-length bit strings to represent each characters?
Huffman encoding
Data items that are input can be stored in memory and can be ________ and converted to information that is output (fill in the blank)
Processed
What are the 4 computer programs?
Data type
Literals
Variables
Named constants
What is a named memory location whose contents can vary or differ over time and holds just one value at any moment in time?
Variables
Why are variables used in a computer program?
They are able to be changed.
What has a specification of the correct type for the variable, each used appropriately?
Data type Classification
What has whole numbers without decimals?
Integer
What has numbered values with decimals?
Float
What is a number that doesn’t change?
Numerical constant
OR
Literal numeric constant
What is a literal number that doesn’t not have an identifier like a variable?
Unnamed numeric constant
What is made up of letters, numbers and symbols?
Characters
What contains words but no numbers?
String
What appears within quotes in computer programs?
String constant or literal string constant
What is a literal string that does not have an identifier?
Unnamed string constant
How many values can a variable hold?
Just one
What is a statement that names a variable and its data types?
Declaration
Where do you declare variables?
Before used for the first time
What is a declaration of a starting value?
Initial Value
What declares a variable and does not initialize it?
Garbage
What is an operate that assigns a value to the memory location on its left side; the equal sign?
Assignment operator
What requires two operands, one on each side?
Binary Operator
What has operators that evaluate expressions to the right side first?
Right to right
OR
right associativity
What are values by an operator?
Operand
Operand to the right of the assignment operator must be:________
A value
Operand to the left of the assignment operator must be:______
A name that represents a memory address
A variable must be one:_____
Word
Variable names must start with a letter:_______
Letter
What is a plan for a solution?
Algorithm
What is a language that allows for expressing algorithms in a clear-cut process?
Psuedocode
Variables in pseudocode refer to places in:_______
Memory where values are stored
If you use variables, best practice s to assign a value to the variable using an______
Initialization statement
What takes values from the outside and puts the results on the screen?
Input/Output
What allows a choice between performing an action and skipping it?
Repetition (iteration)
If the expression beside the _______is true the indented code is executed
While Loop
Nongovernmental organization recognizing someone having met predetermined qualifications is a:______
Certification
Government grant of legal authority (non voluntary) is a:________
Licensing
Are computer professional required to be licensed?
No
Are computer professionals required to be certified?
No
What is a high-level action is an algorithm that describes what needs to be done without detailing how to do it?
Abstract step
What is a point in an algorithm where decision is made, leading to different actions based on conditions?
Branch
What is a loop that never ends because the termination condition is never met or is incorrectly written?
Infinite loop
What is data that are provided to a program for processing?
Input
What is a variable that determines whether the loop will continue running or stop, often incremented or modified within the loop?
Loop controlled variable
What is a programming construct where one control structure (like a loop or a conditional statement) is placed inside another?
Nested structure
What is data that are produced by a program and presented to a user or another system?
Output
What is a loop that evaluates its conditions before executing the body of the loop, such as a whole loop?
Protest loop
