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AQA GCSE (9-1) Computer Science 2022 Exams > Computer Systems > Flashcards

Computer Systems Flashcards

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1
Q

What does an OR gate look like?

A
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2
Q

What does a NOT gate look like?

A
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3
Q

What does an AND gate look like?

A
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4
Q

What does a XOR gate look like

A
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5
Q

How do you represent NOT(A)? What is another word for the NOT gate

A

Ā, negation

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6
Q

How do you represent (A OR B), what is another word for the OR gate?

A

(A + B), Disjunction.

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7
Q

How do you represent (A AND B)? What is another word for the AND gate?

A

(A.B) , Conjunction

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8
Q

How do you represent (A XOR B)? What is another word for XOD gate?

A

(A ⊕ B), Exclusive disjunction

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9
Q

What does XOR gate do?

A

returns true only if exactly one input is true, otherwise returns false.

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10
Q

What is application software, give examples?

A

Application software is for user benefit. Word processors, internet browsers, games

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11
Q

What is system software, give examples?

A

System software performs the tasks needed to operate the hardware and provide services for other software. OS, game engines, utility programmes.

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12
Q

What is the Operating System?

A

the essential software that links the hardware and other software together and generally manages the computer system.

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the OS? 4 points.

A
  • It manages the hardware (only the OS can interact with it)
  • Manages the applications installed
  • Creates a user interface (abstraction from the hardware
  • Provides a layer of security (as it sits between the hardware and the application software
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14
Q

What are the two categories of the user interface?

A
  • Command line interface - A shell responding to successive text commands (more direct and compact)
  • Graphical User Interface - Uses icons and visual indicators to navigate and issue commands
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15
Q

How does the OS control process management? Multi tasking, single tasking?

A
  • process = programme being executed by the computer
  • A single tasking OS executes one process at a time and interrupts it if necessary
  • a Multi tasking OS executes 1 process at a time but allows multiple applications to run by rapidly switching between process
  • The OS allocates CPU time for each process and prioritises them in order of importance
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16
Q

How does OS control memory management?

A
  • When a user opens a programme it needs to be loaded into the RAM.
  • The OS oversees allocation and management of RAM space
  • if there is no space, virtual memory may be used
  • Different data and instructions are kept separate for security reasons
17
Q

How does the OS control peripheral management?

A

The OS uses device drivers which are programmes that convert between the peripheral signals and the OS signals

18
Q

How does the OS control user management and file management

A
  • Manages usernames/passwords and account creation
  • There are user account controls
  • Maintains records of all the files stored in secondary storage, and what user can access what. (file permissions)
19
Q

What are examples of low level languages?

A
  • Machine code, simplest can be directly run by the processor. Machine code is specific to the processor, high level code can run on any computer with the right translator
  • Assembly code
20
Q

What are examples of high level languages?

A

Python, Pseudocode

21
Q

What types of languages are portable? Are they slower or faster to implement?

A

High level languages, can run on any computer. More abstract languages leave more work to be done during runtime so are much slower to execute.

22
Q

What is an assembler?

A

Assemblers are used to translate a program written in a low-level assembly language into a machine code (object code) file so it can be used and executed by the computer.

23
Q

What is a compiler?

A

Compilers are used to translate a program written in a high-level language into machine code (object code). Once compiled (all in one go), it can be directly executed by the computer.

  • You can distribute your programs without the source code, as it is no longer needed
  • Error messages are only shown after scanning the whole code
24
Q

What is an interpreter?

A
  • High level to machine code.
  • Works line by line, translates aline then immediately execute it
  • Every time you want to execute a code you have to translate it again.
  • Needs the source code and interpreter at all times
  • Slower than compiler
25
Q

What is Main Memory?

A

Any memory that is directly accessible by the CPU: RAM, ROM and (sometimes) Cache

26
Q

What is volatile memory?

A

memory that loses its data when power is lost. RAM, Cache. Volatile memory is faster

27
Q

What is non-volatile memory?

A

retains its data when power is lost. ROM, Hard-disks

28
Q

Is memory volatile or non-volatile? Is storage volatile or non-volatile?

A

Memory - volatile

Storage - non-volatile

29
Q

What is RAM?

A
  • Random access memory, Volatile
  • Reading data from RAM takes same time regardless of where it is physically stored on the disk
  • RAM is very quick, stores a copy of open programmes and OS data currently in use, as it is directly accessed by the CPU
30
Q

What is ROM?

A
  • Read only memory, Non-volatile
  • Can only be read, can’t be changed once programmed
  • Used in small amounts to store essential programmes like bootstrapping programmes
31
Q

What is Cache?

A
  • A type of memory that stores copies of frequently accessed data
  • Much faster than RAM, but has lower capacity
  • Sits in between the processor and the RAM, and is checked for the data before the RAM
32
Q

What is optical storage?

A
  • Stores the data as variations of heights on the disks surface.
  • To read the data, the light is shined on the disk, light that hits a land reflects different to when it hits a pit
  • Data is written with a laser burning pits in to the disk
33
Q

Pros and Cons of optical storage.

A
  • Fairly reliable + durable
  • Good portability
  • Can be easily damaged (scratches)
  • Small capacity
34
Q

What is magnetic storage? (Hard drives)

A
  • Uses read write heads that contain electro magnets
  • Part of the disk is magnetised or demagnetised
  • Magnetised (1) Demagnetised (0)
35
Q

Pros and Cons of magnetic storage.

A
  • Large capacity
  • Cheap
  • Reliable
  • Not durable
  • Not portable
  • Can be noisy and generate heat.
36
Q

What is solid state storage?

A
  • Form of flash memory (non mechanical)

- Digital circuits to retain data

37
Q

Pros and Cons of solid state storage?

A
  • Very fast
  • Very reliable as non mechanical
  • Don’t need defragmentation
  • Silent
  • Smaller capacity than magnetic
  • Expensive
38
Q

What is cloud storage?

A
  • Data is stored on multiple servers in a remote location, servers use magnetic (or even SSS)
  • Generally operates through a web based API
39
Q

Pros and Cons of cloud storage.

A
  • Durable, multiple copies are often kept
  • Reliable, service may not be reliable
  • Portable, can be accessed anywhere
  • May be cheaper for large companies
  • More expensive for smaller users

AQA GCSE (9-1) Computer Science 2022 Exams (10 decks)

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