Computer Misuse

Question 1

What is hacking era 1

Answer 1

The joy of programming, enjoys the detail and stretching their capabilities, as opposed to most users who prefer to learn only the minimum

Question 2

What is hacking era 2

Answer 2

The rise of hackings dark side

Question 3

What is hacking era 3

Answer 3

hacking as a destructive criminal tool, a computer expert whobreaks into computer systems and/or accesses data which would otherwise be unavailable to them

Question 4

What are the different levels of skills for hackers

Answer 4

Master
Journeyman
Apprentice

Question 5

Define an apprentice

Answer 5

• They have a basic understanding of how to use attack toolkits.
• They are responsible for the highest volume of attacks, but their attacks are the easiest to defend against.

Question 6

Define a journeyman

Answer 6

They have the ability to modify attack toolkits. * These attacks are more targeted and are harder to defend against.

Question 7

Define a master

Answer 7

They have the ability to create new attack toolkits. * Their attacks are hard to defend against and are often zero-day vulnerabilities.

Question 8

What are the hacker types

Answer 8

white hat
Black hat
gray hat

New
blue hat
red hat
green hat

Question 9

Define a black hat hacker

Answer 9

people who try to break into systems and/or networds to exploit them for malicious reasons

Question 10

Define a gray hat hacker

Answer 10

are between black hat and white-hat definition. They move between the two, but they don’t use their skill for personal gain

Question 11

Define white hat hackers

Answer 11

they are ethical hackers who find vulnerabilities in systems to help strengthen the security of these systems

Question 12

Define blue hat hackers

Answer 12

to test to systems to see levels of security

Question 13

Define red hat hackers

Answer 13

those that fight against black hat hackers

Question 14

Define green hat hackers

Answer 14

new-comers, those at apprentice levels

Question 15

What is an interruption attack

Answer 15

a hacker disrupts the service being provided and is degraded or unavailable to authorised users

Question 16

What is an interuption attack

Answer 16

often called Denial of Serivce, Dos, an attempt to make a computer resource unavaliable

Question 17

What are some example of interruption attack

Answer 17

e.g. DOS - overloading server, vandilising, redirectiing requests to invalid destinations
theft

Question 18

What is an interception attack

Answer 18

In an interception attack, an unauthorized individual gains access to confidential or private information.
interception attacks are attacks against network confidentiality.

Performed by snooping on network traffic to try to obtain data such as passwords, credit card numbers or other types of sensitive information that may be transmitted in clear text.

Question 19

What are examples of interception attacks

Answer 19

○ Eavesdropping on communication.
○ Wiretapping telecommunications networks.
○ copying of files or programs.
○ Obtaining copies of messages for later replay

Question 20

What is a modification attack

Answer 20

where an unauthorised individual not only gains access to, but tampers with information, resources, or services

Question 21

What are examples of modification attack

Answer 21

○ Modifying the contents of messages in the network.
○ Changing information stored in data files.
○ Altering programs so they perform differently.
○ Reconfiguring system hardware or network topologies.
○ Also called “man in the middle” attacks.

Question 22

What is a fabrication attack

Answer 22

This is where an individual inserts counterfeit information, resources, or services into the network. Fabrication attacks are attacks against the authentication access control, and authorisation capabilities of the network.

Question 23

What forms do fabrication attacks come in

Answer 23

○ Inserting messages into the network using the identity of another individual.
○ Replaying previously intercepted messages.
○ Spoofing a web site or other network service.
○ Taking the address of another host or service, essentially becoming that host or service.
○ Also called “masquerading” attacks.

Question 24

Define a computer virus

Answer 24

a piece of software attached to genuine files (i.e., host file), designed to replicate itself and perform malicious actions (e.g., delete files) when activated.

Question 25

Define a computer worm

Answer 25

A computer worm is a standalone piece of software that performs malicious actions and can replicate itself, without the need of a host file to work.

Question 26

Define a backdoor

Answer 26

A backdoor is a malware that allows access to a particular system at a future time by bypassing normal layers of security measures.

Question 27

Define a Trojan horse

Answer 27

is a program that looks like a genuine application but includes a component that performs malicious actions (e.g., sending spam, installing a virus, creating a backdoor)

Question 28

Define randsomware

Answer 28

a malware that encrypts files on a computer and then displays a message demanding payment for the key to decrypt the files.

Question 29

What is social engineering

Answer 29

is the manipulation of people releasing sensitive information or performing a task that often weakens security measured

Question 30

What is phishing

Answer 30

is a type of fraud that an attacker sends a message to trick a victim into revealing sensitive information or performing a task.

Question 31

What is hacktivism

Answer 31

hacking for politically or socially motivated purpose

Question 32

What is cyberwarfare

Answer 32

involves hacking a nation-state or international organisation aiming to damage its computers, information networks and other vital systems

Question 33

What are the 3 main features of the Computer Misue Act

Answer 33

1. Unauthorised access
2. Ulterior intent
3. Unauthorised modification

Question 34

What is the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000

Answer 34

An individual believed to have cryptographic keys may face up to two years imprisonment for refusing to hand them over to the police.