Computer Hardware Flashcards

1
Q

This processor is also often called the brain of computer.

It also has a SET OF REGISTERS which are temporary storage areas for holding data, and instructions.

It executes the stored program instructions, i.e. instructions and data are stored in memory before execution.

A

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

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2
Q

It performs the arithmetic and logic operations on the data that is made available to it.

A

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

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3
Q

It is responsible for organizing the processing of data and instructions. It acts as a supervisor and, controls and coordinates the activity of the other units of computer.

It coordinates the input and output devices of a computer.

The function of a — can be considered synonymous with that of a conductor of an orchestra

A

Control Unit (CU)

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4
Q

The CPU is fabricated as a ______ ______ ______ chip, and is also known as the ________.

A

single Integrated Circuit (IC); microprocessor

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5
Q

It is plugged into the motherboard of the computer.

A

Microprocessor

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6
Q

It is a circuit board that has electronic circuit etched on it and connects the microprocessor with the other hardware components

A

Motherboard

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7
Q

Performs arithmetic operations on the data that is made available to it. Some of the arithmetic operations supported by the arithmetic unit are—addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.

A

Arithmetic Unit

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8
Q

It is responsible for performing logic operations. It performs comparisons of numbers, letters and special characters. Logic operations include testing for greater than, less than or equal to condition.

A

Logic Unit

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9
Q

Are high-speed storage areas within the CPU, but have the least storage capacity.

Are not referenced by their address, but are directly accessed and manipulated by the CPU during instruction execution.

A

Registers

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10
Q

Important Registers in CPU

A

Accumulator (ACC)
Instruction Register (IR)
Program Counter (PC)
Memory Address Register (MAR)
Memory Buffer Register (MBR)
Data Register (DR)

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11
Q

It stores the result of arithmetic and logic operations.

A

Accumulator (ACC)

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12
Q

It contains the current instruction most recently fetched.

A

Instruction Register (IR)

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13
Q

It contains the address of next instruction to be processed.

A

Program Counter (PC)

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14
Q

It contains the address of next location in the memory to be accessed.

A

Memory Address Register (MAR)

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15
Q

It temporarily stores data from memory or the data to be sent to memory.

A

Memory Buffer Register (MBR)

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16
Q

It stores the operands and any other data

A

Data Register (DR)

17
Q

The size of register, also called ____ ____, indicates the amount of data with which the computer can work at any given time.

18
Q

The size of a register may be:

A

8, 16, 32 or 64 bits

19
Q

It consists of cache memory and primary memory.

A

Memory Unit

20
Q

It is used to store the data and instructions during execution of the instructions.

A

Primary Memory or Main Memory

21
Q

Primary Memory is of two kinds:

A

Random Access Memory (RAM) Read Only Memory (ROM)

22
Q
  • Volatile.
  • It stores data when the computer is on.
  • Temporary storage for data and instructions.
  • Provides a limited storage capacity, due to its high cost
23
Q
  • Non-volatile memory.
  • Used for storing standard processing programs that permanently reside in the computer.
  • Programmed by the manufacturer.
24
Q
  • Non-volatile and is used for permanent storage of data and programs.
  • Has a high storage capacity
  • Cheaper
A

Secondary Memory

25
Q

The data and instructions that are required during the processing of data are brought from the secondary storage devices and stored in the RAM.

It is a very high speed memory placed in between RAM and CPU.

It is a storage buffer that stores the data that is used more often, temporarily, andmakes them available to CPU at a fast rate.

A

Cache Memory

26
Q

A computer program is a set of instructions that describe the steps to be performed for carrying out a computational task.

A

Instruction Format

27
Q

The program and the data, on which the program operates, are stored in main memory, waiting to be processed by the processor.

A

Stored Program Concept

28
Q

An instruction is divided into groups called

29
Q

The common fields of an instructionare—

A

Operation (op) code and Operand code

30
Q

It represents action that the processor must execute. It tells the processor what basic operations to perform.

A

Operation (op) code

31
Q

It defines the parameters of the action and depends on the operation. It specifies the locations of the data

A

Operand code

32
Q

A processor has a set of instructions that it understands.

It is the set of all the basic operations that a processor can accomplish

A

Instruction Set

33
Q

It is the processor design technique used for implementing the Instruction Set.

A

Microarchitecture