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ESAS > Computer Fundamentals > Flashcards

Computer Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

it deals with variables of two discrete values and with operations that assume logical meaning. It is equivalent to Boolean Algebra. It also consists of binary variables and logical operations

A

Boolean Logic

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2
Q

A table of all possible combinations of the variables showing the relation between the values that the variables may take and the result of the operations

A

Truth table

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3
Q

NAND and NOR are examples of

A

Derived logic

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4
Q

Blocks of hardware that produce a logic of 1 or 0 if input logic requirements are satisfied.

A

Logic Gates

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5
Q

It is an expression formed with binary variables, the operators, parentheses and equal sign

A

Boolean Functions

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6
Q

It is a logic system without memory or storage capacity

A

Combinational

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7
Q

It is a logic system WITH memory or storage capacity

A

Sequential

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8
Q

It is a logic system that uses simple logic gates and only carries out the implementation.

A

Combinational

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9
Q

It is a logic system that carries out the implementation together with the logic gates, flip-flops, counters, registers, memory cores etc.

A

Sequential

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10
Q

It is a logic system that is described by a set of output functions only.

A

Combinational

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11
Q

It is a logic system that is described by a set of output functions and also next state functions.

A

Sequential

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12
Q

It is a logic system where its output depends only on the present input.

A

Combinational

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13
Q

It is a logic system whose output depends on the present input as well as on the present state of the system.

A

Sequential

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14
Q

It is a logic system whose output depends on the present input as well as on the present state of the system.

A

Sequential

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15
Q

Resistor-Transistor Logic is a ____ gate.

A

NOR

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16
Q

Diode Transistor Logic behaves like a ______ gate

A

NAND

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17
Q

Emitter Coupled Logic behaves like a _____ gate

A

NOR

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18
Q

This code is very convenient for representing decimal digits in digital circuits

A

BCD Code

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19
Q

This code is very convenient for representing decimal digits in digital circuits

A

BCD Code

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20
Q

These are don’t care conditions and do not have any meaning in BCD Code

A

1010 and 1111

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21
Q

This code can be conveniently used for performing subtracting operations in digital computers

A

Excess 3- Code

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22
Q

This code can be derived from BCD by adding 3 to each coded number.

A

Excess-3 Code

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23
Q

In this code only one bit changes between any two successive numbers.

A

Gray code

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24
Q

It is mainly used in the location of angular positions of a rotating shaft

A

Gray code

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25
Q

This code uses 3 bits to represent one octal digit.

A

Octal code

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26
Q

This code uses four bits to represent one hexadecimal digit.

A

Hexadecimal Code

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27
Q

This code uses four bits to represent one hexadecimal digit.

A

Hexadecimal Code

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28
Q

It is a type of computer storage containing non-volatile, permanent data that, normally, can only be read, not written to. Once data is written on this chip, it cannot be removed

A

Read Only Memory (ROM)

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29
Q

it contains the programming that allows a computer to start up or regenerate each time it is turned on

A

Read Only Memory (ROM)

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30
Q

It is the hardware in a computing device where the operating system (OS), application programs and data in current use are kept so they can be quickly reached by the device’s processor.

A

Random Access Memory (RAM)

31
Q

This memory storage is volatile. That means data is retained in it as long as the computer is on, but it is lost when the computer is turned off.

A

Random Access Memory (RAM)

32
Q

This refers to the rate at which the microprocessor can write to the chip. It is usually measured in nanoseconds.

A

Chip Speed

33
Q

It is a programming language in which the instructions are in a form which allows the computer to perform them immediately without the need to translate.

A

Machine Language

34
Q

A programming language that is machine oriented and in which each instruction corresponds or resembles a machine instruction. It must be translated to machine language first though.

A

Low-Level language

35
Q

This programming language has an extensive vocabulary of word, symbols and sentences.

A

High level language

36
Q

It is the most well known commercial programming language.

A

COBOL (Commercial Business Oriented Language)

37
Q

These are used to multiply a variable quantity by a constant

A

Attenuators

38
Q

These are used to add or subtract variables as required

A

Summing amplifiers

39
Q

These are used to multiply two variables

A

Servo multipliers

40
Q

These are used to simulate the arbitrary behavior of variables

A

Function generators

41
Q

These are used to integrate a variable with respect to time.

A

Integrating amplifiers

42
Q

It is a semiconductor device consisting of electronic logic circuits manufactured using either a large-scale (LSI) or very-large scale integration (VLSI) technique. It is capable of performing computing functions and making decisions to change the sequence of program execution.

A

Microprocessor

43
Q

In this area of the microprocessor, computing functions are performed on the data.

A

Arithmetic/Logic Unit

44
Q

This area of the microprocessor is used primarily to store data temporarily during the execution of a program.

A

Register Unit

45
Q

This part of the microprocessor provides the necessary timing and control signals to all the operations in the microprocessor. It controls the flow of data between the microprocessor and peripherals including memory.

A

Control Unit

46
Q

It is an arithmetic language by which numerical procedures may be presented to t he computer in a blended form

A

Algorithmic language

47
Q

An eight level (7 bits + 1 parity bit) code from American Standard Codd for Information Interchange

A

ASCII

48
Q

A pattern of printed lines in binary coding that can be read into the computer by light pen scanning

A

Bar Code

49
Q

A programming language that is easy to learn and widely used as first programming language taught in schools and as the principal language in many minicomputers and microcomputers.

A

BASIC ( Beginner’s All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code)

50
Q

When power supply to a computer using main memory as semiconductor memory fails, all its memory is washed off. In order to restart, i.e. enable to work, it has to be programmed to accept instructions. What is this process called?

A

Bootstrap

51
Q

It is a memory device where an external field is applied to a ferromagnetic specimen, the domains in which magnetizations are antiparallel get converted into cylindrical domains known as bubble.

A

Bubble Memory

52
Q

A group of consecutive bits forming a unit storage in the computer and used to represent one alphanumeric character.

A

Byte

53
Q

An integrated circuit family, having high threshold logic and a technology which consumes very low power compared to other semiconductor technologies. It has moderate speed and high integrated device density.

A

CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor)

54
Q

A program that translates a source program written in high level language into its equivalent machine language. The output program from this is called OBJECT PROGRAM.

A

Compiler

55
Q

A collection of logically related data elements that may be structured in various ways to meet the multiple processing and retrieval needs of individuals/organizations

A

Data Base

56
Q

It is any operating system which runs from the Hard Disk Drive.

A

DOS (Disk Operating System)

57
Q

An auxiliary memory storage device consisting of magnetic film coated on thin flat plastic substrate.

A

Floppy disk

58
Q

A scientific programming language used to perform mathematical computation.

A

FORTRAN (Formula Translation)

59
Q

A graphical display of the fundamental products in a truth table

A

Karnaugh Map

60
Q

The simplest type of flip-flop, consisting of two cross coupled NAND or NOR latches.

A

Latch

61
Q

What is the meaning of MOSFET

A

Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor

62
Q

In a digital signal, the number of levels is _____

A

two

63
Q

In binary numbers, shifting the binary point one place to the right _______

A

multiplies by two

64
Q

15, 110, 19, 101

Which of these is not an octal number.

A

19

65
Q

The flip-flop circuit is a ________ circuit

A

bistable

66
Q

For LCD display what liquid crystal is used?

A

Nemanic Fluid

67
Q

A digital voltmeter has ______ input and ______ output.

A

analog, digital

68
Q

What display consumes the least amount of power.

A

LCD

69
Q

In a digital counter the number of flip-flops is _______ the number of bits required in the final binary count.

A

equal

70
Q

A D flip-flop is a _______ flip-flop

A

delayed

71
Q

A ______ flip-flop is used as a latch

A

RS

72
Q

When a binary adder is used as BCD adder, the sum is correct when it is ________

A

less than 9

73
Q

A byte stands for a string of ______ bits

A

8

74
Q

A simple flip-flop is a ____ bit storage cell

A

one

ESAS (7 decks)

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