Computer Fundamentals Flashcards
it deals with variables of two discrete values and with operations that assume logical meaning. It is equivalent to Boolean Algebra. It also consists of binary variables and logical operations
Boolean Logic
A table of all possible combinations of the variables showing the relation between the values that the variables may take and the result of the operations
Truth table
NAND and NOR are examples of
Derived logic
Blocks of hardware that produce a logic of 1 or 0 if input logic requirements are satisfied.
Logic Gates
It is an expression formed with binary variables, the operators, parentheses and equal sign
Boolean Functions
It is a logic system without memory or storage capacity
Combinational
It is a logic system WITH memory or storage capacity
Sequential
It is a logic system that uses simple logic gates and only carries out the implementation.
Combinational
It is a logic system that carries out the implementation together with the logic gates, flip-flops, counters, registers, memory cores etc.
Sequential
It is a logic system that is described by a set of output functions only.
Combinational
It is a logic system that is described by a set of output functions and also next state functions.
Sequential
It is a logic system where its output depends only on the present input.
Combinational
It is a logic system whose output depends on the present input as well as on the present state of the system.
Sequential
It is a logic system whose output depends on the present input as well as on the present state of the system.
Sequential
Resistor-Transistor Logic is a ____ gate.
NOR
Diode Transistor Logic behaves like a ______ gate
NAND
Emitter Coupled Logic behaves like a _____ gate
NOR
This code is very convenient for representing decimal digits in digital circuits
BCD Code
This code is very convenient for representing decimal digits in digital circuits
BCD Code
These are don’t care conditions and do not have any meaning in BCD Code
1010 and 1111
This code can be conveniently used for performing subtracting operations in digital computers
Excess 3- Code
This code can be derived from BCD by adding 3 to each coded number.
Excess-3 Code
In this code only one bit changes between any two successive numbers.
Gray code
It is mainly used in the location of angular positions of a rotating shaft
Gray code
This code uses 3 bits to represent one octal digit.
Octal code
This code uses four bits to represent one hexadecimal digit.
Hexadecimal Code
This code uses four bits to represent one hexadecimal digit.
Hexadecimal Code
It is a type of computer storage containing non-volatile, permanent data that, normally, can only be read, not written to. Once data is written on this chip, it cannot be removed
Read Only Memory (ROM)
it contains the programming that allows a computer to start up or regenerate each time it is turned on
Read Only Memory (ROM)
It is the hardware in a computing device where the operating system (OS), application programs and data in current use are kept so they can be quickly reached by the device’s processor.
Random Access Memory (RAM)
This memory storage is volatile. That means data is retained in it as long as the computer is on, but it is lost when the computer is turned off.
Random Access Memory (RAM)
This refers to the rate at which the microprocessor can write to the chip. It is usually measured in nanoseconds.
Chip Speed
It is a programming language in which the instructions are in a form which allows the computer to perform them immediately without the need to translate.
Machine Language
A programming language that is machine oriented and in which each instruction corresponds or resembles a machine instruction. It must be translated to machine language first though.
Low-Level language
This programming language has an extensive vocabulary of word, symbols and sentences.
High level language
It is the most well known commercial programming language.
COBOL (Commercial Business Oriented Language)
These are used to multiply a variable quantity by a constant
Attenuators
These are used to add or subtract variables as required
Summing amplifiers
These are used to multiply two variables
Servo multipliers
These are used to simulate the arbitrary behavior of variables
Function generators
These are used to integrate a variable with respect to time.
Integrating amplifiers
It is a semiconductor device consisting of electronic logic circuits manufactured using either a large-scale (LSI) or very-large scale integration (VLSI) technique. It is capable of performing computing functions and making decisions to change the sequence of program execution.
Microprocessor
In this area of the microprocessor, computing functions are performed on the data.
Arithmetic/Logic Unit
This area of the microprocessor is used primarily to store data temporarily during the execution of a program.
Register Unit
This part of the microprocessor provides the necessary timing and control signals to all the operations in the microprocessor. It controls the flow of data between the microprocessor and peripherals including memory.
Control Unit
It is an arithmetic language by which numerical procedures may be presented to t he computer in a blended form
Algorithmic language
An eight level (7 bits + 1 parity bit) code from American Standard Codd for Information Interchange
ASCII
A pattern of printed lines in binary coding that can be read into the computer by light pen scanning
Bar Code
A programming language that is easy to learn and widely used as first programming language taught in schools and as the principal language in many minicomputers and microcomputers.
BASIC ( Beginner’s All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code)
When power supply to a computer using main memory as semiconductor memory fails, all its memory is washed off. In order to restart, i.e. enable to work, it has to be programmed to accept instructions. What is this process called?
Bootstrap
It is a memory device where an external field is applied to a ferromagnetic specimen, the domains in which magnetizations are antiparallel get converted into cylindrical domains known as bubble.
Bubble Memory
A group of consecutive bits forming a unit storage in the computer and used to represent one alphanumeric character.
Byte
An integrated circuit family, having high threshold logic and a technology which consumes very low power compared to other semiconductor technologies. It has moderate speed and high integrated device density.
CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor)
A program that translates a source program written in high level language into its equivalent machine language. The output program from this is called OBJECT PROGRAM.
Compiler
A collection of logically related data elements that may be structured in various ways to meet the multiple processing and retrieval needs of individuals/organizations
Data Base
It is any operating system which runs from the Hard Disk Drive.
DOS (Disk Operating System)
An auxiliary memory storage device consisting of magnetic film coated on thin flat plastic substrate.
Floppy disk
A scientific programming language used to perform mathematical computation.
FORTRAN (Formula Translation)
A graphical display of the fundamental products in a truth table
Karnaugh Map
The simplest type of flip-flop, consisting of two cross coupled NAND or NOR latches.
Latch
What is the meaning of MOSFET
Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor
In a digital signal, the number of levels is _____
two
In binary numbers, shifting the binary point one place to the right _______
multiplies by two
15, 110, 19, 101
Which of these is not an octal number.
19
The flip-flop circuit is a ________ circuit
bistable
For LCD display what liquid crystal is used?
Nemanic Fluid
A digital voltmeter has ______ input and ______ output.
analog, digital
What display consumes the least amount of power.
LCD
In a digital counter the number of flip-flops is _______ the number of bits required in the final binary count.
equal
A D flip-flop is a _______ flip-flop
delayed
A ______ flip-flop is used as a latch
RS
When a binary adder is used as BCD adder, the sum is correct when it is ________
less than 9
A byte stands for a string of ______ bits
8
A simple flip-flop is a ____ bit storage cell
one
