Computer Crimes

Question 1

Define Spam

Answer 1

• Any kind of unwanted, unsolicited digital communication that gets sent in bulk
• Often Spam is sent via email, but it can be distributed via text messages, phone calls, or social media

Question 2

Ways to AVOID Spam

Answer 2

• be mindful of the emails you open
• install an antivirus software on your device
• if you are accustomed receiving emails from a certain ‘class’ or ‘group’ of persons and you suddenly receive a suspicious email, more than likely that email could be spam & you are advised not to open it

Question 3

Malware

Answer 3

• Short for ‘Malicious Software’
• this is a category of programs that are designed to infiltrate or harm computer systems
• Malware is used to commit fraud, send spam or steal data.
• Malware includes:
Viruses
Worms
Spyware
Trojans

Question 4

Way to AVOID Malware

Answer 4

• be mindful of the software you download
• do NOT click on strange pop-ups or ads
• download an antivirus software on your device

Question 5

Viruses (Malware)

Answer 5

• type of Malware
• A malicious program that is capable of reproducing itself
• can corrupt or delete data on a computer system
• if you insert a flash drive in a computer with a virus on it, the virus will copy itself on the flash drive & infect all other devices you plug it into thereafter
• viruses can also spread via emails
• this is also called a ‘worm’

Question 6

Ways to AVOID Viruses (Malware)

Answer 6

• purchase & install an antivirus software on your device
• be careful of the flash drives you inject into your device, the sites you visit & the emails you open
• if your computer becomes infected with a virus, u should active ur antivirus software to deactivate the virus or reset ur device to ‘factory default’
• AVOID sharing ur files on ur device or try to have a backup

Question 7

Trojan Horses (Malware)

Answer 7

• A stand-alone malicious FILE or PROGRAM that does NOT attempt to inject itself into other files UNLIKE viruses.
• instead, it MASKS itself as a LEGITIMATE program or file to trick the user to open or download the file & cause damage thereafter

Question 8

Ways to AVOID Trojan Horses

Answer 8

• Research the software you are going to download or the site you are going to visit
• Observe the site. If it does not have the lock, it is not a secure website & u should NOT use it or enter ur details on the site

Question 9

Spyware (Malware)

Answer 9

• A type of malware that collects ur personal info & gathers data abt u without ur consent

Question 10

Ways to AVOID Spyware

Answer 10

• be weary of the sites u enter ur personal info into
• be weary of posting personal photos of yourself, family or friends online. You never know who is watching & will use for malicious reasons

Question 11

Ransomware (Malware)

Answer 11

• A form of malware designed to encrypt files on a device, rendering any files & the systems that rely on them unusable.
• Malicious actors then demand ransom in exchange for decryption

Question 12

Ways to AVOID Ransomware

Answer 12

• install either an antivirus software or a firewall

Question 13

What is a firewall?

Answer 13

• Acts as a filter between the public internet connection we received from either from either Amplia, Digicel Play, Flow & our personal devices
• Blocks all dangerous threats floating around the internet from entering into our computer via the internet

Question 14

Adware (Malware)

Answer 14

• A type of malicious software
• Secretly installs itself on your device & displays unwanted advertisements & pop-ups
• In some cases Adware can even track your online behavior & display personalized ads.

Question 15

Ways to AVOID Adware

Answer 15

• Do NOT click on strange pop-ups or ads
• Download an antivirus software on your device
• If you do see an ‘enticing’ ad appear on you screen, ignore it

Question 16

Credit Card Fraud

Answer 16

• This occurs when criminals illegally use someone else’s credit card to obtain goods or services

Question 17

Ways to AVOID Credit Card Fraud

Answer 17

• observe the lock on the browser. If lock is not present it means the site is not secure
• Do NOT leave your credit card in plain sight for others to see. All persons need from a credit card is the name, card number, expiration date and security code (found in the back of the card) & they can make purchases in your name without your consent

Question 18

Identity Theft

Answer 18

• when criminals obtain & use someone else’s personal details to impersonate them
• criminals target computers that store personal records bc these can contain info required for identity theft

Question 19

Ways to AVOID Identity Theft

Answer 19

• be mindful of what you post online
• Do NOT share your private life online
• if you use social networking sites, increase the security features on your personal profiles. Ensure that friends only or contacts only can view your profile
• if you do see a suspicious person on your account block them

Question 20

Cyberterrorism

Answer 20

• Any premeditated, politically motivated attack against info systems, programs & data that threatens violence or results in violence

Question 21

Ways to AVOID Cyberterrorism

Answer 21

• companies must backup their work on a daily basis
• companies must use the cloud services to protect themselves & their confidential data

Question 22

Cyber extortion

Answer 22

• A broader term that refers to the different techniques cybercriminals use to force victims to comply with their demands
• It entails threatening or blackmailing individuals, businesses or organizations to obtain money or other valuable assets

Question 23

Ways to AVOID Cyber extortion

Answer 23

• be mindful of who you are interacting with online & engaging in business affairs with. If you receive threats from anyone, report it as soon as possible
• turn on you safe mode on your browser
• ensure your firewall is on and you can browse using the incognito feature