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AWS-SAA > Compute Services > Flashcards

Compute Services Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 AMI Categories?

A
  1. Amazon Quick Start AMI
  2. AWS Marketplace AMIs
  3. Community AMIs
  4. Private AMIs
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2
Q

What is a Quick Start AMI?

A

Popular, default AMIs provided directly by AWS, and are a mixture of default linux, Mac, and windows operating system images.

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3
Q

What is a AWS Marketplace AMI?

A

Official, production Ready AMIs provided by industry vendors.

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4
Q

What is a Community AMI?

A

Common AMIs created by independent vendors, and built to provide specific functionality.

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5
Q

What is a Private AMI?

A

AMIs built by the AWS account holder which are not available to other AWS accounts.

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6
Q

What is an AMI?

A

An operating system template for provisioning AWS EC2 instances.

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7
Q

What are the 5 main EC2 Instance Types?

A
  1. General Purpose
  2. Compute Optimized
  3. Memory Optimized
  4. Accelerated Computing
  5. Storage Optimized
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8
Q

What is a General Purpose EC2 Instance?

A

Includes T3, T2. M5, and M4 machine types. Provides a balance of compute, memory, and network resources. Includes Mac instances.

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9
Q

What is a T2 EC2 Instance?

A

A burstable EC2 instance type which can accumulate credits when in minimal use to be applied later when under heavier loads.

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10
Q

What is a Compute Optimized EC2 Instance?

A

An EC2 instance type for demanding web servers and high end machine learning workloads. Includes C6i machines types.

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11
Q

What is a Memory Optimized EC2 Instance?

A

An EC2 instance type which is great for database, data analysis, and caching operations. Includes the R6i machine type.

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12
Q

What is a Storage Optimized EC2 Instance?

A

An EC2 instance type which works great with distributed filesystems and heavyweight data processing applications. Includes the H1, I3, and D2 machine types.

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12
Q

What is a Storage Optimized EC2 Instance?

A

An EC2 instance type which works great with distributed filesystems and heavyweight data processing applications. Includes the H1, I3, and D2 machine types.

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13
Q

What is an AWS Region?

A

A geographic area that contains multiple data centers and provides a container for virtual private clouds

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14
Q

Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)

A

Network and Infrastructure Organizers that exist within an AWS Region.

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15
Q

What are the three EC2 Tenancy Models?

A
  1. Shared Tenancy
  2. Dedicated Instance
  3. Dedicated Host
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16
Q

What is a Shared Tenancy?

A

A configuration where resources exist on the same hardware as devices owned by other organizations.

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17
Q

What is a Dedicated Instance?

A

A configuration where resources exist on dedicated hardware, inaccessible by other organizations. Generally to provide compliance with federal regulations.

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18
Q

What is an Availability Zone?

A

A physical Data Center where resources are located within a AWS Region.

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19
Q

What are the three types of Placement Groups?

A
  1. Cluster Groups
  2. Spread Groups
  3. Partition Groups
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20
Q

What is a Cluster Placement Group?

A

A Placement Group where resources are stored within a single, proximate availability zone, providing efficient communication between resources.

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21
Q

What is a Spread Placement Group?

A

A Placement Group where resources are distributed across multiple availability zones, reducing the risk of failure related losses.

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22
Q

What is a Partition Placement Group?

A

A Placement Group where resources are placed in distributed groups within multiple availability zones.

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23
Q

What are the three Instance Pricing Models?

A
  1. On-Demand Pricing
  2. Reserved Instance Pricing
  3. Spot Marketplace Pricing
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24
Q

How does the On-Demand Pricing model work?

A

This pricing model is effective for EC2 instances which are expected to live less than 12 months, and each hour of utilization is billed. If the device is not powered on, then billing is paused.This model is usually more expensive.

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25
Q

How does the Reserved Instance Pricing model work?

A

This pricing model is effective for EC2 instances that are expected to live longer than 1 year. Billing is done in advance and the state of the instance is ignored. This model can offer significant cost savings.

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26
Q

How does the Spot Market Pricing model Work?

A

This pricing model is available for organizations who want to share already paid for availability they are not currently using. This model does not provide reliable availability, but is often the most cost effective solution. Best used for use cases where erratic availability is acceptable.

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27
Q

What are the primary types of EC2 Storage Volumes?

A
  1. EBS-Provisioned IOPS SSD
  2. EBS General-Purpose SSD
  3. HDD Volumes
  4. Instance Store Volumes
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28
Q

What is an an Elastic Block Store Volume?

A

The standard storage disk available to an EC2 and its operating system. These devices persist across reboots.

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29
Q

What is an EBS-Provisioned IOPS SSD?

A

An EC2 storage volume optimized for intense I/O operations.

30
Q

What is an EBS General-Purpose SSD

A

An EC2 storage volume optimized for generic compute use cases.

31
Q

What is a HDD Store Volume

A

An EC2 storage volume optimized for large data storage where speed is less important than cost per gb.

32
Q

What is an Instance Store Volume

A

An ephemeral EC2 storage volume which provides NVMe I/O rates. Included in the price of the EC2 Instance. Great for caching data from external sources as part of an autoscaling group.

33
Q

What is a Security Group?

A

The function of an EC2 instance, which provides the functionality of a traditional firewall.

34
Q

What is an IAM Role?

A

A set of permissions provided to a user. Can be used to provide access to EC2 instances instead of a security group.

35
Q

What is a NAT Device?

A

A networking tool which provides an instance with access to the internet, without the internet having access to the instance.

36
Q

What are Key Pairs?

A

A encryption tool which allows passwordless access to EC2 instances. Assigned at the EC2’s creation.

37
Q

What is EC2 Auto Scaling?

A

A process within EC2 which allows instances to be provisioned dynamically, given an input.

38
Q

What are the 2 Configuration Methods for EC2 Auto Scaling?

A
  1. Launch Configurations
  2. Launch Templates
39
Q

What is a Launch Configuration?

A

A named document that contains the information required to deploy an EC2 Instance, and is only used for EC2 Auto Scaling

40
Q

What is a Launch Template?

A

A version controlled document that provides a list of requirements used to configure an EC2 Instance. Can be used to provision EC2 Auto Scaled instances, but is not limited to that function.

41
Q

What is an Auto Scaling Group?

A

A set of EC2 instances which can be increased or decreased in volume to compete with active demand of resources.

42
Q

What is an Auto Scaling Load Balancer?

A

A service which directs traffic to members of an EC2 Auto Scaling group.

43
Q

What are the 3 components of Auto Scaling Policies?

A
  1. Auto Scaling Minimums
  2. Auto Scaling Maximums
  3. Auto Scaling Desired Capacity
44
Q

What is a Auto Scaling Minimum?

A

The smallest number of devices that must exist within an EC2 Auto Scaling group.

45
Q

What is an Auto Scaling Maximum?

A

The largest number of devices that are allowed to exist within an EC2 Auto Scaling group.

46
Q

What is Auto Scaling Desired Capacity?

A

An optional setting within an Auto Scaling group which defines the nominal volume of EC2 instances within an Auto Scaling group.

47
Q

What are the 6 types of Auto Scaling Policies?

A
  1. Manual Scaling Policies
  2. Dynamic Scaling Policies
  3. Simple Scaling Policies
  4. Step Scaling Policies
  5. Target Tracking Policies
  6. Scheduled Actions Policies
48
Q

What is a Manual Scaling Auto Scaling Group?

A

This scaling group happens when minimum, desired, or maximum auto scaling configurations are changed.

49
Q

What is a Dynamic Scaling Auto Scaling Policy?

A

This scaling policy provides the ability to automatically scale to accommodate increased load, based off of utilization thresholds. These thresholds are set and managed within Cloudwatch alarms.

50
Q

What is a Simple Scaling Auto Scaling Policy?

A

Whenever a metric rises above a threshold, Auto Scaling increases the desired capacity, based on Adjustment Types.

51
Q

What are the 3 Simple Auto Scaling Adjustment Types?

A
  1. ChangeInCapacity
  2. ExactCapacity
  3. PercentChangeInCapacity
52
Q

What does the ChangeInCapacity Simple Scaling Policy adjustment do?

A

Increases the capacity of an auto scaling EC2 group by a specified amount. Like adding 2 instances to a auto scaling group when a threshold is met.

53
Q

What does the ExactCapacity Auto Scaling Group adjustment type do?

A

Sets the capacity to a specific value, regardless of current value. When load increases, the auto scaling group bumps up to the scaled value of instances. When load decreases, the value of instances is dynamically decreased.

54
Q

What does the PercentChangeInCapacity Auto Scaling adjustment type do?

A

Increases the capacity by a percentage of the current quantity of assets in an auto scaling group. If the current capacity desired is 4, and you have a cent percentage capacity of 50% load increase, under load, there would be 6 instances in the auto scaling group.

55
Q

What are Step Scaling auto scaling group policies?

A

Allows an auto scaling group to add instances into the group based on how much an aggregate metric exceeds a given threshold.

56
Q

What are the primary components of a Step Scaling Auto Scaling Group Policy?

A
  1. Lower Bound
  2. Upper Bound
  3. Adjustment Type
  4. The Step Increase Amount
57
Q

What is a Target Tracking Auto Scaling Policy?

A

A simpler Auto Scaling Group Policy which attempts to maintain the a cloudwatch alarm value at a particular threshold. It will increase or decrease the number of instances in a scaling group to maintain the metric value as posted by cloudwatch.

58
Q

What is a scheduled action auto scaling group policy?

A

This auto scaling group policy allows for proactive policy enforcement, such that given a time range, like a time of day, or weekend of the year, resources are automatically scaled up to meet expected demand.

59
Q

What is AWS Systems Manager?

A

A tool which lets you automatically or manually perform actions against your AWS Resources and On-Premises servers.

60
Q

What are the functions of AWS Systems Manager?

A
  1. Provide Deployable Actions
  2. Gather Instance Insights
61
Q

What are the deployable actions provided by AWS Systems Manager

A
  1. Automation
  2. Run Commands
  3. Session Manager
  4. Patch Manager
  5. State Manager
62
Q

What are the available insights provided by AWS Systems Manager?

A
  1. AWS Config Compliance
  2. CloudTrial Events
  3. Personal Health Dashboard
  4. Trusted Advisor Recommendations
  5. AWS Systems Manager Inventory
  6. Compliance Insights
63
Q

What are AWS Systems Manager Config Compliance?

A

An Systems Manager compliance insight which provides the total number of resources in a group that are compliant or non-compliant with AWS configuration rules, as well as compliance by resource. It also provides historic compliance data.

64
Q

What are AWS Systems Manager CloudTrail Events Insights?

A

Displays Systems Manager insights around resources, their type, and the last event that cloudtrail recorded against that resource.

65
Q

What are Personal Health Dashboard Systems Manager insights?

A

A Systems Manager Insight which contains alerts when AWS experiences an issue that may impact your resources.

66
Q

What are trusted advisor recommendation insights within AWS Systems Manager?

A

A Systems Manager insight which acts as a toll providing AWS environmental optimization recommendations for cost optimization, performance, security, and fault tolerance.

67
Q

What is the AWS Systems Manager Inventory insight?

A

A Systems Manager too that collects data from your instances, including operating system and application data.

68
Q

What are System Manager compliance insights?

A

A tool that provides how patches and associated vulnerabilities stack up on your endpoints against rules and thresholds which you have configured.

69
Q

What is Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS)?

A

This is a tool which provides simple deployment of containers, without the need for configuring a kubernetes cluster.

70
Q

What is Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (EKS)?

A

A tool providing a full kubernetes platform within an AWS VPC, using provisioned EC2 instances within an assigned VPC.

71
Q

What is AWS Fargate?

A

A tool providing kubernetes services to a AWS Account, without the need for directly provisioned EC2 instances.

72
Q

What is a Dedicated Host Instance?

A

A Instance within an AWS AZ which only hosts resources from one specific account within one specific organization.

AWS-SAA (12 decks)

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