Compute in the Cloud Flashcards
What are the Traditional On-Premise Resources?
- Spend Money upfront to purchase hardware
- Wait for servers to be delivered to you
- Install the servers in your physical data center
- Making all necessary configurations
Some Benefits of Amazon EC2 instance as a virtual server running applications in the AWS Cloud
- Provision and launch an Amazon EC2 within minutes
- Stop using it when you have finished running a workload
- Pay only for compute time you use when an instance running, not when its stopped or terminated.
- Save Costs by paying only for server capacity that you need or want.
Describe the Amazon EC2 when it launches
First step is to launch an instance.
Select a template with basic configurations for your instance
The configurations include:
The operating system
Application server
Applications
Also, you can select an instance type
Specific hardware configuration of the instance
When preparing for the launch of an instance, you can specify the security settings to control network traffic that flows into and out of the instance
Describe the Amazon EC2 when it connects
Connect to the instance in different ways
Programs and applications have different methods to connect directly to the instance and exchange data.
Users can connect to an instance by logging in and accessing through a desktop
Describe the Amazon EC2 when it use
After connection, a user can starting using the instance.
A user can run commands:
Install software
Add storage
Copy and Organize files
What are Amazon EC2 instances Types ?
Instance Types are EC2 instance types are optimized for different tasks.
When selecting type, consider the needs for workloads and applications, requirements to compute, memory and storage capabilities
What are the most common Amazon EC2 Instance types ?
General Purpose Instance
Compute optimized Instances
Memory Optimized Instances
Accelerated computing instances
Storage Optimized Instances
Describe the General Purpose Instance
Provide a balance of compute, memory, network resources such as:
Application Servers
Gaming Servers
Backend servers for enterprise applications
Small and medium databases
Describe the Compute Optimized Instance
Ideal for compute -bound applications that benefit from high-performing processors.
A user can use compute optimization instances for workloads like for web, application and gaming servers
The difference is compute optimized applications are ideal for high performing web servers, compute intensive applications servers and dedicated gaming servers.
Also, a user can use compute optimized instance for batch processing workloads that need to process many transactions in a single group
Describe the Memory Optimized Instance
Designed to deliver fast performance for workloads that process large datasets in memory
Memory is a temporary storage area
This is where all the data and instructions that the Central processing unit (CPU) needs to be able to complete actions.
Before a computer program and app is able to run, it loads from storage into the memory.
The preloading process gives the CPU direct access to the computer program
This instance enables a user to run workloads with high memory needs and receive great performance
Describe the Accelerated computing Instance
Uses hardware accelerators, or coprocessors, to perform some functions more efficiently than is possible in software running on CPUs.
Examples
Floating point number calculations
Graphics processing
Data pattern matching
A Hardware accelerator is a component that can expedite data processing
Accelerating computing instance are ideal for workloads like graphics applications, game stream and application streaming
Describe the Storage optimized instance
Designed for workloads that require high, sequential read and write access to large datasets on local storage.
Example
Distributed file systems
Data Warehousing applications
High-frequency online transactions processing systems (OLTP)
Input/output operations per second (IOPS) is a metric used to measure the performance of a storage device.
It shows how many different input or output operations a device can perform in a second.
The storage optimized instance are designed to deliver ten of thousands of low-latency, random Input/output operations per second (IOPS) to applications
Input operations- data put into a system like records on a database
Output operations - data generated by the server
Example
Analytics performed on the records in a database
What is Amazon EC2 Pricing ?
Pay only for the compute time that you use
What are the 5 categories of the Amazon EC2 Pricing
On-Demand
Reserved Instances
EC2 Instance Savings Plans
Spot instances
Dedicated Hosts
Describe the On-Demand Amazon EC2 Pricing
-Ideal for short term, irregular workloads that can’t be interrupted
-No update costs or minimum contracts
-Run continuously until a user stops them
-Pay for only the compute time
-Used For
–Developing and testing applications or running apps with –unpredictable usage patterns
-Not recommended for workloads that last a year or longer
Describe the Saving Plans Amazon EC2 Pricing
Reduces EC2 instance costs if a user makes an hourly
-spend commitment to an instance family and Region for 1 or 3 year terms
-Save update 72% compared to On-Demand Rates
-Any usage beyond the commitment is charged On-Demand Rates
-Good Option for flexibility over the duration of a term
-Similar savings to the Standard Reserved instances
-Don’t need to specify upfront the instance type or size, or OS, or tenancy
-Does not include an EC2 capacity reservation option
-AWS Cost Explorer helps visualize, understand and manage the AWS Costs
Describe the Reserved Instance Amazon EC2 Pricing
Billing Discount from On-Demand Instances
Two types
Standard reserved Instances
-An option if a user knows the instance type and size for a steady- state applications and a user is aware of the AWS region a user plans on running them
Qualifications
–Instance type and size: m5.xlarge
–Platform description (operating system)
Microsoft Window’s Server or Red Hat Enterprise Linux
Tenancy: Default tenancy or dedicated Tenancy
Can specify an Availability zone for the EC2 Reserved instances
-Any specification, a user can get EC2 capacity reservation to ensure that a desired amount of the EC2 instance is available when needed
Convertible Reserved Instances
-If a user needs to run an EC2 instances in different Availability Zones or different instances type, this maybe the best option
-At the end of the term, a user can continue using the instance without interruption
Can be charged On-Demand rates
–Terminate the Instance
–Purchased a new Reserve Instance that matches the instance attributes (Family size, region, platform and tenancy)
Describe the Spot Instance Amazon EC2 Pricing
-Ideal for workloads with flexible start and end times or can withstand interruptions
-Can use unused EC2 computing capacity and offer a cost savings up to 90% On-Demand
-After launch, if capacity is no longer available or demand increases, the instance can still be interrupted
–Best for background processing jobs for customer survey
–Not ideal for developing and testing applications
Describe the Dedicated Hosts Amazon EC2 Pricing
-Physical servers with EC2 capacity that is fully dedicated to your use
-Can utilized per-core, per-VM software licenses to maintain compliance
-Can also purchase On-Demand dedicated Host and Host Reservations
-Dedicated Hosts are the most expensive
What is Scalability ?
-Involves beginning with the only resources you need and designing your architecture to automatically respond to changing demand by scaling out or in.
-As a result, a user pay for only the resource they use
-Not worrying about the lack of computing capacity to meet the customer’s need
What is Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling ?
-AWS service that provide functionality to automatically scale to process what is happening in real time
-Enables a user to automatically add or remove Amazon EC2 instances in response to the changing application demand
-This will increase the instances availability
-Two approaches
-Dynamic scaling
–Responds to changing demand
-Predicative scaling
—Automatically schedules the right number of Amazon EC2 instances based on predicted demand
What is Elastic Load Balancing ?
-AWS Services that automatically distributes incoming application traffic across multiple resources, like Amazon EC2 instances
-Load balance acts like single point of contact for all incoming traffic to the auto scaling group
-The work of the Elastic Load Balancer and the Amazon EC2 scaling work together to ensure high performance and availability
Describe High Demand Period
Like the low demand, the customer amount increases a specific time
Describe the Low Demand Period
-A few customers that are ready to make orders with only a few registers open.
-The low Demand period will match the demand of the customers who need service since the it is less likely to need open registers with no customers
-The open registers are the Amazon EC2 instances in this case
What are monolithic applications ?
Applications are made of multiple components
-Components communication with each out to transmit date, fulfill requests and keep the app running
-An app with tightly couple components like databases, servers, user interface, business logic are a type of architecture known as Monolithic applications
If a single component fails the others will fail
Describe the Microservices approach
This approach, the app components are loosely coupled.
-If a single component fails, the others will work because their are communicating with each other.
-This prevents the app from failing
Also, helps the services to help facilitate the app’s integration are Amazon Simple Queue Service & Amazon Simple Notification Service
What is the Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS)
Publish/subscribe service using Amazon SNS topics, a publisher publishing messages to subscribers.
With Amazon SNS, subscribers can be web servers, email address AWS Lambda functions and other options.
Publishing updates on a single topic or Publishing updates on a multiple topics
What is Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) ?
When using this, a user can send, store and receive messages between the software components without losing the messages or require other services to be available.
An app sends the messages to the queue and then a user or service retrieves the message from the queue, processes it, and then deletes this from the queue.
A messaging queuing service like Amazon SQS lets the message decouple from the applications complements
What is serverless computing ?
Serverless computing means that your code runs on servers, but do not need to provision or manage these servers.
Also, able to focus on innovating new products and features instead maintain servicers.
Amazon EC2 is a service that lets a user run virtual servers in the cloud.
Applications that run in Amazon EC2
-Provision instances (virtual servers)
-Upload code
-Continue to manage the instances while app is running
Describe AWS Lambda
A service that lets a user run code without needing to provision or manage servers
A lambda function might involve automatically resizing uploaded images to AWS Cloud, in this case the function triggers when uploading a new image
What is a Container(s)
Provide a standard way to package application code and dependencies into a single object
-Also can use containers for processes and workflows
–Essential requirements for security, reliability and scalability
Describe the Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS)
Highly scalable, high-performance container management system that enables a user to run and scale contained applications on AWS.
Amazon ECS supports Docker Containers.
-Also supports the use of open- source Dock Community edition and subscription based Docker Enterprise Edition.
–A user can use API Calls to launch and stop Docker-Enabled Applications
What is Docker ?
is a software platform that enables you to build, test, and deploy applications quickly.
Describe the Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS)
Fully managed service a user can use to run Kubernetes on AWS
-AWS actively works together with Kubernetes community
New features and functionalities release for Kubernetes apps, making them easy to apply the updates to a user’s app managed by Amazon EKS
What is Kubernetes ?
An open- source software that enables a user to deploy and manage containerized applications at scale
Differences between Docker and Kubernetes
Kubernetes managing the infrastructure
Docker is tool building out solutions
