AWS Storage and Datbases

Question 1

What is Instance Store ?

Answer 1

Provides temporary block-level storage for an Amazon EC2 instance

An instance store is disk storage that is physically attached to the host computer for an EC2 instance

–Therefore has the same lifespan as the instance

–Block- Level storage volumes behave like physical hard drives

Question 2

What is Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) ?

Answer 2

Service that provides block-level storages volumes that can be used with an Amazon EC2 instance

-If the instance is stop or terminated, all the data attached to the EBS volume remains available

Question 3

What is Amazon EBS Snapshots ?

Answer 3

Incremental Backup

-The first backup taken of the volume copies all the data

-For Subsequent backups, only the blocks of data that have changed since the most recent snapshot is save

-Incremental backups are much different from full backups
–In which all data in the storage volume copies each time a backup happens

-Full back includes data that not changed since its the most recent back up

Question 4

What is Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3)

Answer 4

Service that provide object-level storage

-Stores data as objects in buckets or file directory

-Can upload any type of file to Amazon S3
(Images, Videos, Text Files)

-Offers unlimited storage space

-Max file size for an object is 5 TB

-Also can set permissions to control visibility and access to it

-Also can track changes to your objects over time

Question 5

Name the Amazon S3 Storage Classes

Answer 5

S3 Standard
S3 Intelligent tiering
S3 Standard - Infrequent Access (S3 standard- IA)
S3 One Zone- Infrequent Access (S3 One Zone- IA)
S3 Glacier Instant Retrieval
S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval
S3 Glacier Deep Archival
S3 Outposts

2 factors:
How often you plan to retrieve your data
How available you need your data to be

Question 6

Describe S3 Standard

Answer 6

-Frequent access

-Storage data in a minimum of 3 availability zones

-Wide range of use cases, websites, content distribution and data analytics

-Higher costs than other storage classes

Question 7

Describe S3 Intelligent Tiering

Answer 7

Ideal for data with unknown or changing access patterns

Small monthly monitoring and automation fee per object

Question 8

Describe S3 Standard - Infrequent Access (S3 standard- IA)

Answer 8

Less frequently access data
Similar to Amazon S3 standard but lower storage prices and higher retrieval price

-3 Availability zones

-Lower storage prices but higher retrieval price

Question 9

Describe S3 One Zone- Infrequent Access (S3 One Zone- IA)

Answer 9

Stores data in 1 availability zone

-Lower storage prices with S3 Standard IA
–Save costs on Storage
–Easily reproduce data in the event of an availability zone failure

Question 10

Describe Glacier Instant Retrieval

Answer 10

Archive for immediate access

-Works well for archived data that requires immediate access

-Retrieve objects within milliseconds

-Consider how quickly a user must retrieve the archived objects

-Similar performance of S3 Standard

Question 11

Describe S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval

Answer 11

Low cost storage designed for data archiving

-Able to retrieve objects within a minutes to hours

-Ideal for data archiving

-This storage class can be for archived customer records
(Photos, Video files, Up to 1 minute to 12 hours )

Question 12

Describe S3 Glacier Deep Archival

Answer 12

Lowest cost object storage class ideal for archiving

-Able to retrieve within 12 hours to 48 hours

-Long term retention and digital preservation for data

-Once or twice a year

-All objects are replicated and stored across 3 geographically dispersed availability zones

Question 13

Describe Amazon S3 Outposts

Answer 13

Create S3 buckets

-Makes it easier to retrieve, store and access

-Delivers object storage to an on-prem AWS Outposts environment

-Designed to store data durably and redundantly across multiple devices and servers on your Outposts

-Works well for workloads with local data residency requirements that must satisfy demanding performance needs by keeping data close to on-prem applications

Question 14

Describe Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS)

Answer 14

Multiple instances can access the data in EFS at the same time

-Multiples instances reading and writing simultaneously and can store data across multiple availability Zones.

-Linux File system

-Regional Resource

-Automatically scales

Question 15

Describe File Storage

Answer 15

-Multiple clients (users, applications, servers) can access data that is stored in share file folders

-Storage server uses block storage with the local file system to organize files

-Clients access data through file paths

-Ideal for use cases where a large number of services and resources need to access the same data at the same time.

Question 16

What is a relational database ?

Answer 16

Data is stored in a way that relates to other pieces of data

Each record in the database would include a single item
-Name
-Size
-Price

Question 17

What is structured Query Language (SQL)

Answer 17

To store and query data

Use Structured Query Language
To store and query data and allows data to be stored in an easily understandable, consistent, and scalable way

Question 18

Describe the Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS)

Answer 18

Service that enables a user to run relational database in the AWS cloud

-Managed service that automates tasks
-Hardware provisioning
-Database setup
-Patching
-Backups

Can also integrate Amazon RDS with other services to fulfill business and operational needs
–Amazon Lambda to query database for serverless operation

Many different security options
–Encryption at rest (protecting data while it is stored
–Encryption in transit (protecting data while its being sent and received)

Question 19

6 types of Amazon RDS databases engines

Answer 19

Amazon Aurora
PostgreSQL
MySQL
MariaDB
Oracle Database
Microsoft SQL Server

Optimize memory, performance and input/output

Question 20

Describe Amazon Aurora

Answer 20

Enterprise class relational database

Compatible with MySql and PostgreSQL

5 times faster than MySQL

3x than PostgreSQL databases

Helps reduce database costs by reducing unnecessary input/ouput (I/O) operations

Ensure Database resources remain reliable and available

Amazon Aurora is for workloads that require high availability

Replicates 6 copies across 3 availability Zones

Backs up data to Amazon S3

Question 21

Describe Amazon DynamoDB

Answer 21

Key-value database service

Delivers a single-digit millisecond performance at any scale

Serverless Database

–Do not have provision, patch or manage servers

–Do not have install, maintain or operate software

As the database shrinks and grows, DynamoDB automatically scales to adjust for changes in capacity and maintain performance
Suitable to use cases for high performance while scaling

Question 22

Nonrelational databases is..?

Answer 22

You create tables. A table is a place where you can store and query data.

Tables is a place where a user can store and query data

Referred to as “NoSQL” database

This databases uses structures from other rows and columns to organize data

Question 23

Describe Amazon Redshift

Answer 23

Data warehouse as a service that a user can use for big data analytics

Offers the ability to collect data from multiple sources and helps a user understand relationship and trends