CompTIA A+ Vocab Flashcards
VM escape
VM escape is when attackers or malware can escape from a VM to another VM
VM Extension
The CPU uses extensions to enable virtualization features within the host and guest OS
Intrusion
A malicious actor gaining unauthorized access to a system
Sprawl
The uncontrolled deployment of more and more VMs
Internal USB 2
These are made with 9-pin headers, which accept up to two 4-pin port connections while the 9th pin is to orient the cable correctly
Power button
Used to send a signal that can be interpreted by the OS as a command to shut down rather than switching the PC off
Drive Activity Light
(HDD/SSD) activity lights are active when an internal storage dis is being accessed
PSU Main Motherboard power
The main P1 motherboard power connector is a distinctive 24-connector or 20 pin for legacy motherboards that su[[lies the main power for the motherboard
DVI-I
A technology that is capable of connecting a digital source to an analog display or an analog source to a digital to digital display. A VGA to DVI-I cable will connect your digital computer to an analog monitor
DVI-D
A cable that’s intended to be used between two digital devices.
DVI-A
Is a technology that carries an analog signal to an analog device. This cable along with an adapter for a VGA connector is required
Voltage
Also known as potential difference, electric pressure, or electric tension is the difference in electric potential between two points
Wattage Rating
Is how the PSU’s output capability is measured. Power is measured in watts(W), calculated for electrical components as voltage multiples by current (V*l)
Power
The rate at which things generate or use energy
Efficiency
Calculated as wattage drawn from the power grid divided by the wattage the PSU is rated at
Multi-core CPU
Is multiple processors combined in one. This means that there are multiple execution units and registers. This is referred to as chip level multiprocessing (CMP)
A single-core CPU
Has a single execution unit and set of registers implemented on a single package
RAID 0
Requires a minimum of 2 drives but can be configured with more. As this type of RAID provides no redundancy, there is no parity information available
RAID 1
A mirrored drive config that uses 2 disks. A read operation may use either disk, however, a write operation is performed on both disks
RAID 5
Requires a minimum of 3 drives but can be configured with more. When configuring RAID 5, an equal portion of each disk is used for parity
RAID 10
Needs at least 4 disk and the number of disks needs to be even. It is striping combined with mirroring
Secure boot
Is a UEFI feature designed to prevent a computer from being hijacked by malware. With secure boot, the firmware is configured with cryptographic keys and it can identify trusted code and ensure that the boot loader has been digitally signed by the OS vendor
TPM
Hard coded with a unique, unchangeable key, referred to as the endorsement key. It can be enabled or disabled and reset via the system setup program
Bad Sectors
Found on a traditional hard drive. While bad sects can be marked as unusable, having them present is usually a sign of a failing disk
Bad blocks
Found on a hard disk. A block is a grouping of sectors. A single sector or multiple sectors in a block may have gone bad
Disk thrashing
Indicated by constant LED activity and can be a sign that there is not enough system RAM so that the disk is being used continually for paging (virtual memory)
Chip creep
Where an adapter works loose from its socket over time. This may happen perhaps because of temperature changes causing the plastic to flex over time
OSD
It allows the user to adjust screen functions, such as contrast, aspect ration, and brightness
Faulty motherboard
Can cause no power
Faulty CPU
Can cause problems such as booting issues and frequent shutdowns
Corrupted BIOS
Will thwart the booting process
Corrupted boot sector
Prevent Windows from loading and produce error messages such as “Boot device not found” or “OS not found” but it does not lead to no power
1000Base-T
Refers to Gigabit Ethernet over copper twisted pair cabling. Gigabit Ethernet works at 1000 Mbps (or 1 Gbps). 1000BASE-T is the mainstream choice of standard for most LANs
100BASE-T
Refers to Fast Ethernet over copper twisted pair cabling. Fast Ethernet works at 100 Mbps
10BASE-T
Refers to a copper cabling standard working a 10 Gbps
IEEE 802.3
Most cabled LANs are based on the 802.3 Ethernet standards maintained by the IEEE. 802.3 covers more than just GB Ethernet. The IEEE 802.3 standards are designated xBASE-Y, where x is the nominal data rate and Y is the cable type
Single-mode fiber (SMF)
Small core (8-10 microns) and is designated to carry a long wavelength over long distances. Supports data rates up to 10 Gbps or better and cable runs many km, depending on the optics and cable quality
Multi-mode fiber (MMF)
Has a larger core than single-mode fiber (62.5 or 50 microns) and is designed to carry a short wave length infrared light. Uses less expensive and less coherent LEDs or vertical cavity surface emitting lasers
MAC addresses
Consist of 48 binary digits, making it 6 bytes in size. MAC addresses are represented in hexadecimal and each hex digit represents a half byte. Its typically represented as 12 digits of hexadecimal
IP address
32 binary digits. This address type is made of 4 octets, each with 8 binary digits
