CompTIA A+ Vocab

Question 1

VM escape

Answer 1

VM escape is when attackers or malware can escape from a VM to another VM

Question 2

VM Extension

Answer 2

The CPU uses extensions to enable virtualization features within the host and guest OS

Question 3

Intrusion

Answer 3

A malicious actor gaining unauthorized access to a system

Question 4

Sprawl

Answer 4

The uncontrolled deployment of more and more VMs

Question 5

Internal USB 2

Answer 5

These are made with 9-pin headers, which accept up to two 4-pin port connections while the 9th pin is to orient the cable correctly

Question 6

Power button

Answer 6

Used to send a signal that can be interpreted by the OS as a command to shut down rather than switching the PC off

Question 7

Drive Activity Light

Answer 7

(HDD/SSD) activity lights are active when an internal storage dis is being accessed

Question 8

PSU Main Motherboard power

Answer 8

The main P1 motherboard power connector is a distinctive 24-connector or 20 pin for legacy motherboards that su[[lies the main power for the motherboard

Question 9

DVI-I

Answer 9

A technology that is capable of connecting a digital source to an analog display or an analog source to a digital to digital display. A VGA to DVI-I cable will connect your digital computer to an analog monitor

Question 10

DVI-D

Answer 10

A cable that’s intended to be used between two digital devices.

Question 11

DVI-A

Answer 11

Is a technology that carries an analog signal to an analog device. This cable along with an adapter for a VGA connector is required

Question 12

Voltage

Answer 12

Also known as potential difference, electric pressure, or electric tension is the difference in electric potential between two points

Question 13

Wattage Rating

Answer 13

Is how the PSU’s output capability is measured. Power is measured in watts(W), calculated for electrical components as voltage multiples by current (V*l)

Question 14

Power

Answer 14

The rate at which things generate or use energy

Question 15

Efficiency

Answer 15

Calculated as wattage drawn from the power grid divided by the wattage the PSU is rated at

Question 16

Multi-core CPU

Answer 16

Is multiple processors combined in one. This means that there are multiple execution units and registers. This is referred to as chip level multiprocessing (CMP)

Question 17

A single-core CPU

Answer 17

Has a single execution unit and set of registers implemented on a single package

Question 18

RAID 0

Answer 18

Requires a minimum of 2 drives but can be configured with more. As this type of RAID provides no redundancy, there is no parity information available

Question 19

RAID 1

Answer 19

A mirrored drive config that uses 2 disks. A read operation may use either disk, however, a write operation is performed on both disks

Question 20

RAID 5

Answer 20

Requires a minimum of 3 drives but can be configured with more. When configuring RAID 5, an equal portion of each disk is used for parity

Question 21

RAID 10

Answer 21

Needs at least 4 disk and the number of disks needs to be even. It is striping combined with mirroring

Question 22

Secure boot

Answer 22

Is a UEFI feature designed to prevent a computer from being hijacked by malware. With secure boot, the firmware is configured with cryptographic keys and it can identify trusted code and ensure that the boot loader has been digitally signed by the OS vendor

Question 23

TPM

Answer 23

Hard coded with a unique, unchangeable key, referred to as the endorsement key. It can be enabled or disabled and reset via the system setup program

Question 24

Bad Sectors

Answer 24

Found on a traditional hard drive. While bad sects can be marked as unusable, having them present is usually a sign of a failing disk

Question 25

Bad blocks

Answer 25

Found on a hard disk. A block is a grouping of sectors. A single sector or multiple sectors in a block may have gone bad

Question 26

Disk thrashing

Answer 26

Indicated by constant LED activity and can be a sign that there is not enough system RAM so that the disk is being used continually for paging (virtual memory)

Question 27

Chip creep

Answer 27

Where an adapter works loose from its socket over time. This may happen perhaps because of temperature changes causing the plastic to flex over time

Question 28

OSD

Answer 28

It allows the user to adjust screen functions, such as contrast, aspect ration, and brightness

Question 29

Faulty motherboard

Answer 29

Can cause no power

Question 30

Faulty CPU

Answer 30

Can cause problems such as booting issues and frequent shutdowns

Question 31

Corrupted BIOS

Answer 31

Will thwart the booting process

Question 32

Corrupted boot sector

Answer 32

Prevent Windows from loading and produce error messages such as “Boot device not found” or “OS not found” but it does not lead to no power

Question 33

1000Base-T

Answer 33

Refers to Gigabit Ethernet over copper twisted pair cabling. Gigabit Ethernet works at 1000 Mbps (or 1 Gbps). 1000BASE-T is the mainstream choice of standard for most LANs

Question 34

100BASE-T

Answer 34

Refers to Fast Ethernet over copper twisted pair cabling. Fast Ethernet works at 100 Mbps

Question 35

10BASE-T

Answer 35

Refers to a copper cabling standard working a 10 Gbps

Question 36

IEEE 802.3

Answer 36

Most cabled LANs are based on the 802.3 Ethernet standards maintained by the IEEE. 802.3 covers more than just GB Ethernet. The IEEE 802.3 standards are designated xBASE-Y, where x is the nominal data rate and Y is the cable type

Question 37

Single-mode fiber (SMF)

Answer 37

Small core (8-10 microns) and is designated to carry a long wavelength over long distances. Supports data rates up to 10 Gbps or better and cable runs many km, depending on the optics and cable quality

Question 38

Multi-mode fiber (MMF)

Answer 38

Has a larger core than single-mode fiber (62.5 or 50 microns) and is designed to carry a short wave length infrared light. Uses less expensive and less coherent LEDs or vertical cavity surface emitting lasers

Question 39

MAC addresses

Answer 39

Consist of 48 binary digits, making it 6 bytes in size. MAC addresses are represented in hexadecimal and each hex digit represents a half byte. Its typically represented as 12 digits of hexadecimal

Question 40

IP address

Answer 40

32 binary digits. This address type is made of 4 octets, each with 8 binary digits