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CardioPulmoaryPT1 > COMPS: CV Dx Tests and Procedures: Exam 1 > Flashcards

COMPS: CV Dx Tests and Procedures: Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Noninvasive Dx test:

EKG

the 12 lead EKG

what is it

A

<5 mins monitoring rhythm @ rest

GIVES MORE INFO ON RHYTHM!!!

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2
Q

Electrocardiographic/EKG monitor

Obtains what:

A
  • rate
  • timing/strength of electric impulses
  • normal rhythm vs. arrythmias
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3
Q

Noninvasive tests:

Holter/Telemetry

what is it?

A
  • continuous >24 hr EKG monitoring of pts heart rhythm while pt completes ADLs
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4
Q

Holter/Telemetry

Obtains:

A
  • SAME INFO:
    • RATE
    • timing/strength of electric impulses
    • normal rhythm vs arrythmias
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5
Q

Holter/Telemetry is ESSENTIAL to:

A

Dx and Med mgmt of episodes of cardiac arrythmias and sx’s

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6
Q

Noninvasive Tests:

ECHO

Echocardiography

what is it?

A
  • US
    • uses pulses of reflected high freq sound waves and receives their echo
      • ​evals functioning of heart
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7
Q

ECHO

info derived:

A
  • size of ventricular cavity
  • thickness of walls
  • integrity of interatrial and intraventricular septa
  • functioning of valves
  • motions of indiv. segments of ventricular wall
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8
Q

ECHO

Quantifies what volumes?

A
  • Left vent. SV
  • Ejection Fraction (EF)
    • ​EF== SV/EDV
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9
Q

This type of ECHO has improved view of heart AND mediastinum

A

Transesophageal ECHO

TEE

US device goes INTO esophagus

*if you want to see BACK of heart *

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10
Q

Noninvasive dx tests:

Cardiac CT scan

computed tomography

used to dx:

A
  • masses in CV system
  • aortic aneurysms
  • pericardial thickening

*uses multiple xray angles*

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11
Q

NONinvasive dx tests:

MRI

magnetic resonance imaging

used to Eval:

A
  • congenital morphology or malformations (born w/)
  • anatomy
  • cardiac blood flow of coronary aa’s
  • myocardial contractility
    • ​masses
    • thrombi
    • valvular disease

*NOTE: <2-4yo DO NOT USE!!!

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12
Q

NONINVASIVE Dx tests :

Exercise test/Exercise Stress test

involves what ?

A
  • systematically AND progressively INCing VO2 demand to eval resp’s w/ EKG readings

*NOTE: used if @ risk for MI PRIOR to sx—-Uncle Barry!!!

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13
Q

Ex test/Ex Stress Tests

prognostic tool for ….

Used for…

A

MAX exercise testing

  • dx AND mgmt coronary artery disease (CAD)
  • GREATER Sn and Sp in MALES >40yo vs. females
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14
Q

Noninvasive Dx tests:

Pharmacologicl Stress Testing

when is this used?

A

when pt is unable to perform upright ex. on TM or cycle

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15
Q

Pharmacological stress testing uses injection of what to induce physio. stress

A

pharmacological agent

*SNS NT’s

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16
Q

Who would you use pharmacological stress test on?

A

med. fragile

immobile/non-ambulatory

fall risk pt

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17
Q

Pts demo’ing life-threatening arrythmias on EKG/Holter monitor may be referred to this……

A

EPS

Electrophysiological study

noninvasive

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18
Q

INVASIVE dx tests:

Cardiac Catheterization/Coronary Angiography

same thing

Indications?

A
  • cardiac arrest OR vent. fibrillation
  • pulm. edema
  • angina w/ diff. medical mgmt
  • job descript. mandate
  • sig. DEC in ex. tolerance
19
Q

Cardiac Catheterization/Coronary Angiography

indicated for sig. DEC in ex. tolerance

evident by what?

WHY?

A
  • DROP in SBP w/ exertion
  • WORSENING stress test
  • sx’s
    • pallor, mental confuse
  • angina
  • ST changes on EKG
  • L. VENT EF <35%
    • normal= 60-70%
  • If phys. needs it for more conclusive dx
20
Q

Procedure for Cardiac Catheterization

A
  • catheter into CV system
    • measure pressures OR perform angiography
  • Interventional Radiology
  • Cath into brachial aa OR femoral aa
21
Q

Per MD order w/ cardiac catheterization

pt needs what?

A

1-6hrs of bedrest

per MD!!!

22
Q

WHO reviews cardiac cath films

A

cardiologist

23
Q

Cardiac cath/angiography

what is used to get EDV

A

Vein is used to get EDV

24
Q

cardiac cath/angiography

A

see pics

25
Q

Noninvasive Vascular tests:

Abdominal US

indications?

A
  • Descending aortic aneurysms and dissections (aneurysm burst)

NOTE: only checks BELOW heart

26
Q

NONinvasive Vascular tests:

Vascular or Venous US’s

+ indicated

A

DEEP VEIN THROMBOPHLEBITIS

DVT

27
Q

GOLD STANDARD screening for DVT

A

Vascular or Venous US

28
Q

Impression for Vascular or Venous US

A
  • Veins/aa’s visualized
  • Presence or absence of clots
29
Q

NONinvasive Vascular tests:

Ankle-Brachial Index

ABI

what are we looking for?

A

PAD

30
Q

In a nutshell….

What is ABI explaining?

A

How much LESS blood is getting to toes/feet compared to arm (UE)

31
Q

ABI measurement

1.0-1.40

A
  • Sx’s
    • NONE
  • Clinical presentation
    • ​NORMAL
32
Q

ABI Measurement:

.5-.9

A
  • Symptoms:
    • ​Claudication
      • supply not meeting demand
  • Clinical present:
    • ​pain in calf w/ ambulation
33
Q

ABI measurement

.2-.5

A
  • Sx’s
    • ​critical limb ischemia
  • Clinical present
    • ​atrophic changes
    • rest pain
    • wounds
34
Q

ABI measure:

<0.2

A
  • Sx’s
    • ​SEVERE ischemia
  • Clinical presentation
    • ​gangrene/severe necrosis
35
Q

ABI measure:

> 1.40

====> PAD

A
  • sx’s
    • ​Rigid aa’s
  • Clinical present:
    • ​PAD
36
Q

NONinvasive Vascular tests:

Rubor of Dependency

+ test indicates what?

A
  • Arterial insuff.
    • PAD
37
Q

Rubor of Dependency

noninvasive Vascular test looking for PAD

Arterial test!!

How to do it?

A
  • place client supine and observe feet
  • elevate leg to 45degs (above heart)
    • foot may/may not become pale here
  • bring left foot to dependent pos. sitting EOB w/ leg on floor OR dangling
38
Q

Rubor of Dependency

+ vs. - resonse

A
  • (-) Normal response:
    • ​rapid pink flush in the feet/ no change in color
  • (+) Arterial insuff.:
    • ​demo a deep red color (rubor) after 30s in dependent pos.
      • Reactive hyperemia

*NOTE: good test to do if pt has not seen Dr. or cardiologist

39
Q

Noninvasive Vascular tests:

Homan’s Sign

+ indicates what?

A

DVT

40
Q

NONinvasive Vascular tests:

Homan’s sign

A
  • pain in upper calf w/ forced ankle DF
    • ​50% chance you have DVT
  • BASIC screen. tool for DVT
    • ​50% Sp
    • HIGH false pos.
41
Q

Noninvasive Vascular tests:

Claudication Time

+ quantifies

A

SEVERITY of claudication

42
Q

Noninvasive Vascular tests:

Claudication time

A
  • pt ambulates on TM or flat surf. until subjective claudication occurs
  • DOCUMENTING:
    • ​TIME or DIST. ambulated @ onset/beginning of claudication
43
Q

Medical Chart review: or

A

PT consult

CardioPulmoaryPT1 (12 decks)

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