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PTA Modalities > Compression, hydro-, diathermy > Flashcards

Compression, hydro-, diathermy Flashcards

1
Q

Actue Edema

A

Usually localized response to a known injury

Rapid onset

Warmth and redness

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2
Q

Acute edema tx

A

ASAP after injury

RICE

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3
Q

Venous edema

A

Slow progressive

Mod warmth

Dusky, brown hyperpigmenation

Increased pain as day progresses

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4
Q

Venous edema

Tx

A

Compression

Elevation

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5
Q

Lyphemeda

A

Soft and pitting or hard

Slow progressive

Mild warmth

Less freq assoc with pain and color changes

limb feels full, heavy

asymmetrical

shiny skin

loss of skin folds

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6
Q

Lyphedema tx

A

Education

Compression

Manul lymphatic drainage

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7
Q

Systemic Edema

A

Result os kidney, liver, heart disease

fever is possible

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8
Q

Systemic edema tx

A

Medical management

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9
Q

Toxic Edema

A

d/t RXN (bees sting, allergies)

Acute

Localized

Itchy, painful

Redness

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10
Q

Toxic edema tx

A

Medical management

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11
Q

Elevation Purpose

A

Allows gravity to assit in the flow of fluids

Decreases the hyrdostatic pressure in tissue

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12
Q

Elevation contraindications

A

Poor arterial supply

Ischemic limb

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13
Q

Compression Purpose

A

Increase hydrostatic pressure

Decrease of fluid movement out of the capillaries

Increase absorption of fluid by veins and lymphatic bessels

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14
Q

Compression indications

A

Control peripheral edema

prevent DVT

Shape residual limb after amputation

Facilitate the healing of veous ulcers

Post surgery lymphedema

Prevent/treat hyrpertrophic scarring

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15
Q

Compression methods

A

Bandages

  • Elastic bandages
  • Amount of stretch during app (high or low)
  • Number of layers applied
  • Condition of bandage (old or new)

Athletic Tape

Intermittenet compression machines

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16
Q

Inflated Sleeves

Parameter

A

Pressure does not go higher than diastolic

UE - 30-60 mm Hg

LE - 40-80 mm Hg

Lymphedema: use lower pressures

On/Off

Usuallt Pt tolerance

Edema of DVT prevention

  • 80-100s on/ 25-50s off

residual limb reduction

  • 40-60s on/10-15s off

Start with 3:1, then adjust to pt tolerance

1-4 hr 1-4x wk

17
Q

Inflation sleeve

Contraindications

A

CHF and pulmonary edema (assoc with CHF)

Active skin infection

Acute trauma

Acute or unstable fx

Recent thrombophelbitis

DVT

Pulmonary emboli

Obstruction of lymph vessels

Obstruction of venous return

Systemic edema

Atrial insufficiency

Arterial revascularization

Stroke

18
Q

Inflations sleeve Precautions

A

Impaired sensation/mentation

Uncontrolled HTN

Cancer

Rcent stroke

Around superficial veins

19
Q

Edema measuring

A

Circumferential tape measuring

Volumetric measurement (water displacement)

20
Q

Hydrotherapy

Goals

A

Use of water for specific therapeutic golas

Superficial heating and cooling

Wound care

  • debridement; promote circulation

Unload weight bearing joints

Provide resistance for movement

Mechanical stimulation

  • pain relief; desensitization
21
Q

Water Properties

A

Thermal conductivity

  • Heat transfers from higher to lower temps
    • Conduction
    • Convection if water is moving (faster flow = faster transfer

Bouyancy

  • Decrease weight. influenced by amount of body immersed
    • 50% ASIS
    • 33% Xyphoid
    • 10% Clavicular

Viscosity

  • Friction resistance
  • Faster = more resistance

Hydrostatic pressure

  • Pressure applied by the water
  • Deeper the water, the more compression
22
Q

Effects of immersion

A

Muscles

  • Strengthening
  • Increase resting muscle blood flow
    • Increase O2, waste removal

Cardiovascular

* Due to hydrostatic pressure:

  • Enhance venous return
  • Increase cardiac output

Respiratory

* Increase work of breathing

  • increase venous return + increase resistance to chest expansion (due to water on chest)
  • Increased moisture may have benefits

Renal

* Increase urine production and urinary Na and K

  • Due to increase venous return

Psynchological

* Invigorating and relaxing

23
Q

Immersion Contraindications

A

Bleeding

Maceration around the wound

Cardiac instability

Infectious conditions that can be spread by water

Bowel incontinence

Severe epilepsy

Immunosupressed patients

Actue inflammation

PVD

Existing fever

24
Q

Immersion Precautions

A

Impaired thermal sensation

Confusion

Recent skin grafts

Pregnancy

MS

Poor thermo regulation

25
Q

Immersion adverse RXN

A

Drowning

Burns, fainting, bleeding

Hyponatremia (burn pt)

Infection

Aggravation of edema

Asthma exacerbation

Increased weakness

26
Q

Water Temperature

A

32-79: Cold, acute inflammation, min pain and edema

79-92: cool/tepid, decrease spasticity

92-96: Neutral, circulatory disorders

96-98: Warm, open wound, debridement

99-104: Hot, Arthritis, ROM/Pain

104-110: Very hot

27
Q

Contrast bath

A

Alt immersion of body part in hot and cold

Promote pain relief, gain effects of heat

Hot water 3-4 mins

cold water 1 min

5-6 x total 20-30 mins

Diasadvantage: limb is in dependant position, unconfortable, messy

28
Q

Diathermy

A

High frequency electromagnetic waves used to heat deep tissue

Short wave frequency: 27.12 MHz

Thermal, non thermal effects

29
Q

Diathermy

Non-thermal effects

A

Repolarization of cells

Acceleration of cell growth and division

re-establishment of sodium pump

Increase micro vascular perfusion

Improve cell function

Increase WBC in a wound

30
Q

Diathermy

Thermal effects

A

Conversion

Same as any heating modality (heats deeper without contact)

Tissue with least resistance = best current flow. High electrolyte balance heats best

31
Q

Diathermy

Indications

A

Heting for stretching

Heating skin or joint when other heat apps are not tolerated

Deep heating >2 cm

Over a large area

Areas of mod fat and deep muscle

Treatment area is irregular

32
Q

Diathermy Contraindications/precautions

A

Pacemaker, neurostimulator, defibrillator

Metal implants

Pregnancy

Malignancy

Presence of fever

Site of infection

Epiphyseal plates in children

Testes of eyes

Insulim pump

Acute inflam cond

Impaired circulation/sensation

Fluid filled organs

Hemorrhage

HNP

Joint effusion

33
Q

Diathermy Adverse RXN

A

Burns soft tissue

Excessive heating of adipose tissue

Superficial burn where moisture collects

34
Q

Diathermy Applications

A

Inductive coils (magnetic field)

Capacitative plates (electrical field)

35
Q

Inductive Coils

A

Alt current flows flowing through coils producing a magnetic field

Curents cause tissue to oscillate. Causes friction, increasing tissue temp

Strength of current depends on strngth of magnetic field and conductivity of the tissues

Cables - coils wrapped around limb

Drums - one or two

36
Q

Capacitative Plates

A

HIgh frequency alt current. one plate to another through pt.

current flow causes oscillation of cahrged particles increasing temp

Heat generated depends on strength and density of current

Greatest heat generated in tissue with greatest conductivity

Superficial heat

37
Q

Magnatron condensor

A

microwave diathermy

High freq, alt current

Small focused tx area

most superficial (burn potential)

Reflectio occurs (can cause bone burning)

PTA Modalities (5 decks)

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