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Compression Devices Flashcards

1
Q

what is compression good for?

A
  • post amputation and venous insufficiency where there is lots of edema
  • burn
  • to improve circulation within the limb
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2
Q

Effects of External Compression

A
  • improves venous and lymphatic circulation
  • limit the shape and size of tissue
  • increase tissue temperature
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3
Q

why does external compression need to improve venous and lymphatic circulation?

A
  • increased extravascular pressure can limit fluid outflow from vessels into the interstitial space where fluid can pool
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4
Q

milking

A
  • more compression distally to push it up, then move compression up
  • may have multiple chambers to push fluid up
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5
Q

how do external compression devices limit the shape and size of tissue

A
  • compression devices (usually garments or bandages) act as a second skin, shaping and conforming the tissue to the shape of the garment and bandage
  • trying to limit and shape the tissue for something specific
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6
Q

how does external compression increase tissue temperature

A
  • compression devices insulate the area leading to an increase in superficial tissue temperate
  • increase tissue temp to increase enzymatic activity
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7
Q

why should enzyme activity be increased?

A
  • enzymes are typically breaking down tissue so compression is very good for hypertrophic scarring or when you are trying to control scarring
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8
Q

clinical indications of external compression

A
  • edema
  • lymphedema
  • prevention of deep venous thrombosis
  • prevention of venous stasis ulcers
  • residual limb shaping
  • control hypertrophic scarring
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9
Q

what is edema

A
  • abnormal amounts of fluid in the extracellular tissue spaces of the body
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10
Q

what does edema occur as a result from

A
  • edema may occurs as the result of imbalance between hydrostatic and osmotic vascular and extravascular pressure
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11
Q

what is the most effective factor for edema?

A

compression

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12
Q

does fluid rush outside when hydrostatic or osmotic pressure is higher?

A

hydrostatic

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13
Q

what is hydrostatic pressure?

A

moving forces against gravity

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14
Q

what is osmotic pressure

A

concentration of the proteins that are in and outside of the vessels

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15
Q

what is lymphedema

A

Obstruction, abnormal distribution of nodes and vessels, and decreased
muscular activity can contribute to decreased lymphatic flow

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16
Q

what is primary lymphedema due to

A

congenital deformation of the system

17
Q

what is secondary lymphedema caused by?

A

trauma, infection, surgery, radiation damage and cancer

18
Q

how does external compression prevent DVT

A

promotes circulation

19
Q

how does external compression prevent venous stasis ulcers

A

promotes cirulation

20
Q

how does external compression help residual limb shaping

A

prevents stretching of tissue caused by excessive fluid accumulation

21
Q

how does external compression help control hypertrophic scarring

A
  • decreased scar height and increased pliability after the use of compression
  • Applied after new epithelium has formed, and continued for 8-12 months
22
Q

contraindications of external compression

A
  • heart failure and PE
  • DVT or thrombophlebitis
  • lymphatic or venous obstruction
  • severe PAD
  • local skin infection
  • hypoproteinemia (< 2g/dl)
  • acute trauma or fracture (until its been fixed and starts to heal)
23
Q

why is heart failure and PE a contraindication for compression?

A

shift of fluids from peripheral to central circulation may increase stress on a failing organ system

24
Q

specific contraindications for lymphedema

A
  • After bilateral mastectomy
  • When another area of the body is already involved (i.e. adjacent chest wall
  • After pelvic operations when the proximal portions of the LEs have started to swell
  • Primary lymphedema
  • Genital lymphedema
  • Significant fibrosis in the area
25
Q

precautions of external compression

A
  • impaired sensation
  • hypertension
  • cancer
  • stroke
26
Q

sequential compression pump vs. non-sequential

A

sequential is continuous

27
Q

is there longer on or off times for inflation/deflation

A

longer on than off times

28
Q

edema on/off

A
  • Edema: 80-100 sec on; 25-50 sec off
  • Residual Limb Shrinking: 40-60 sec on; 10-15 sec off
29
Q

pressure ranges

A

30-60 mm Hg UE
40-80 mm Hg LE

30
Q

treatment time

A

2-3 hours preferred

31
Q

how often are compression garments

A

24 hours a day

32
Q

compression garments for edema

A

30-40 mmHg

33
Q

compression garments for scar tissue

A

20-30 mmHg

Physical Agents (11 decks)

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