Comprehensive Medical Terminology Flashcards
A/An ____________________ is a mature red blood cell.
Group of answer choices
erythrocyte
Erythrocyte
erythrocyte
The term ____________________ describes an examination technique using the examiner’s hands.
Palpation
The rupture of a muscle is known as ____________________.
Myorrhexis
hypertension
higher-than-normal blood pressure
hypotension
lower-than-normal blood pressure
inflammation
localized response to a tissue injury
laceration
torn and jagged wound
lesion
pathologic tissue change caused by disease or injury
The abnormal hardening of the walls of an artery or arteries is known as ____________________.
Arteriosclerosis
The surgical puncture of the abdominal cavity to remove fluid is known as ____________________.
Abdominocentesis
A/An ____________________ is the surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surface.
Colostomy
The term ____________________ describes discomfort due to the regurgitation of stomach acid upward into the esophagus.
Pyrosis
A/An ____________________, such as laser, is a word formed from the initial letter or letters of the major parts of a compound term.
Acronym
The ____________________ are the bones of the fingers and toes.
Phalanges
The medical term ____________________ describes any abnormal condition or disease caused by a fungus.
Mycosis
The medical term ____________________ describes any pathologic change or disease in the spinal cord.
Myelopathy
A/An ____________________ is the invasion of the body by a disease-producing organism.
Infection
The study of disorders of the newborn is known as ____________________.
Neonatology
dys-
bad, difficult, painful
-itis
inflammation
-ostomy
creation of an artificial opening
-otomy
surgical incision
gastr-
stomach
-sclerosis
abnormal hardening
The act of rotating the arm so that the palm of the hand is forward or upward is known as ____________________.
Supination
A suffix usually, but not always, indicates the
procedure, condition, disorder, or disease.
-itis means
inflammation
hyper- means
excessive or increased.
Myel/o
Spinal cord
Oste/o
Bone
my/o
muscle
nuer/o
nerve
arthr/o
nerve
cyan/o
means blue
Cyanosis (sigh-ah-NOH-sis)
is blue discoloration of the skin caused by a lack of adequate oxygen in the blood
-osis means
abnormal condition or disease
erythr/o means
red
erythrocyte (eh-RITH-roh-sight)
is a mature red blood cell
-cyte
cell
leuk/o
means white
A leukocyte (LOO-koh-sight)
is a white blood cell
poli/o
means gray
Poliomyelitis (poh-lee-oh-my-eh-LYE-tis) i
s a viral infection of the gray nerve tissue of the spinal cord
itis
means inflammation
Gastroenteritis (gas-troh-en-ter-EYE-tis) i
s an inflammation of the stomach and small intestine.
enter means
(small intestine)
plasty
(surgical repair)
rrhaphy
(surgical suturing)
Neuroplasty (NEW-roh-plas-tee)
is the surgical repair of a nerve.
Neurorrhaphy (new-ROR-ah-fee)
is suturing together the ends of a severed nerve.
-ectomy
(surgical removal)
Tonsillitis (ton-sih-LYE-tis)
is an inflammation of the tonsils.
A tonsillectomy (ton-sih-LECK-toh-mee)
is the surgical removal of the tonsils.
crani
means skull
cranium (KRAY-nee-um)
is the portion of the skull that encloses the brain
-ac suffix means
pertaining to
-al suffix means
pertaining to
-ar suffix means
pertaining to
-an suffix means
pertaining to
-ary suffix means
pertaining to
-eal suffix means
pertaining to
-ical suffix means
pertaining to
-ial suffix means
pertaining to
-ic suffix means
pertaining to
-ine suffix means
pertaining to
-ior suffix means
pertaining to
-ory suffix means
pertaining to
-tic suffix means
pertaining to
-ous suffix means
pertaining to
cardiac (KAR-dee-ack)
an adjective that means pertaining to the heart.
cardi
means heart
gastrosis (gas-TROH-sis)
means any disease of the stomach
-ago suffix means
Abnormal Condition or Disease
-esis suffix means
Abnormal Condition or Disease
-ism suffix means
Abnormal Condition or Disease
-ia suffix means
Abnormal Condition or Disease
-iasis suffix means
Abnormal Condition or Disease
-ion suffix means
Abnormal Condition or Disease
-osis suffix means
Abnormal Condition or Disease
Pathology (pah-THOL-oh-jee)
is the study of all aspects of diseases
path
disease
ology
study of
Algia
pain and suffering
Gastralgia
Stomachache
dynia
pain
gastrodynia
pain in the stoamch
Gastritis
inflammation in the stomach
megaly
enlargement
hepat/o
liver
Malachia
abnormal softening
hepatomegaly
abnormal enlargement in the liver
arteriomalacia
abnormal softening of the walls of an artery or arteries
necrosis
tissue death
arterionecrosis
tissue death of an artery or artieries
sclerosis
abnormal hardening
arteriosclerosis
abnormal hardening of the walls of an artery or arteries
stenosis
abnormal narrowing
arteriostenosis
abnormal narrowing of an artery or arteries
-centesis
a surgical puncture to remove fluid for diagnostic purposes or to remove excess fluid.
Abdominocentesis (ab-dom-ih-noh-sen-TEE-sis)
he surgical puncture of the abdominal cavity to remove fluid
abdomin/o
abdomen
-graphy
means the process of producing a picture or record.
Angiography (an-jee-OG-rah-fee)
process of producing a radiographic (x-ray) study of blood vessels after the injection of a contrast medium to make these blood vessels visible
angi/o
blood vessel,
-gram
means a picture or record.
angiogram (AN-jee-oh-gram)
the resulting film that is produced by angiography
Myoplasty (MY-oh-plas-tee)
is the surgical repair of a muscle
-scopy means
visual examination.
Arthroscopy (ar-THROS-koh-pee)
is the visual examination of the internal structure of a joint
-rrhage and -rrhagia mean
mean bleeding; however, they are most often used to describe sudden, severe bleeding
hemorrhage (HEM-or-idj)
is the loss of a large amount of blood in a short time
hem/o
blood
-rrhage
means abnormal excessive fluid discharge
-rrhaphy
means surgical suturing to close a wound and includes the use of sutures, staples, or surgical glue.
Myorrhaphy (my-OR-ah-fee)
is the surgical suturing of a muscle wound
-rrhea means
flow or discharge and refers to the flow of most body fluids.
Diarrhea (dye-ah-REE-ah)
is the frequent flow of loose or watery stools
dia-
means through
rrhea
means flow or discharge
-rrhexis
means rupture.
Myorrhexis (my-oh-RECK-sis)
is the rupture of a muscle
natal (NAY-tal)
means pertaining to birth
nat
means birth,
ab-
away from, negative, absent
ad-
toward, to, in the direction of
dextr/o
right side
sinistr/o
left side
ex-
out of, outside, away from
in-
in, into, not, without
macro-
large, abnormal size, or long
micr/o, micro-
small
mega- , megal/o
large, great
olig/o
scanty, few
pre-
before
post-
after, behind
Prenatal
means the time and events before birth
Perinatal
refers to the time and events surrounding birth
peri-
surrounding
Postnatal
refers to the time and events after birth
ab
means away from
abnormal
not normal or away from normal
dys
bad, difficult, or painful
dysfunctional
organ or body part that is not working properly
hyper
excessive or increased
hypertension
higher than normal blood pressure
inter
between or among
interstitial
between, but not within, the parts of a tissue
sub
under, less, or below
subcostal
below a rib or ribs
ad
toward or in the direction of
addicition
being drawn toward or having a strong dependence on a drug or substance
eu
good, normal, well, or. easy
Eupnea
easy or normal breathing
hypo
deficient or decreased
hypotension
lower than normal blood pressure
intra
within or inside
intramuscular
within the muscle
super, supra
above or excessive
supracostal
above or outside the ribs
laryng
larynx or throat.
rhin/o
nose
ot/o
ear
Laryng/o
larynx
ENT
ears, nose, throat
otolaryngology
study of the ears and larynx or throat
edema
is swelling caused by an abnormal accumulation of fluid in cells, tissues, or cavities of the body.
lithotomy
surgical incision for the removal of a stone
lith
stone
phalanges
the bones of the fingers and toes
appendic
means appendix
appendicitis
means an inflammation of the appendix
If the singular term ends in the suffix -a , the plural is usually formed by changing the ending to
ae
If the singular term ends in the suffix -ex or -ix , the plural is usually formed by changing these endings to
ices
If the singular term ends in the suffix -is , the plural is usually formed by changing the ending to
es
If the singular term ends in the suffix -itis , the plural is usually formed by changing the -is ending to
ides
If the singular term ends in the suffix -nx , the plural is usually formed by changing the -x ending to
ges
If the singular term ends in the suffix -on , the plural is usually formed by changing the ending to
a
If the singular term ends in the suffix -us , the plural is usually formed by changing the ending to
i
sign
objective evidence of disease, such as a fever.
is the identification of a disease
diagnosis
acute
condition has a rapid onset, a severe course, and a relatively short duration
disease
is a condition in which one or more body parts are not functioning normally. Some diseases are named for their signs and symptoms. For example, chronic fatigue syndrome is a persistent, overwhelming fatigue of unknown origin
is subjective evidence of a disease, such as pain or a headache. Subjective means that it can be evaluated or measured only by the patient.
symptom
also known as a rule out (R/O), is an attempt to determine which one of several possible diseases is causing the signs and symptoms that are present.
differential diagnosis
condition is of long duration. Although such diseases can be controlled, they are rarely cured.
chronic
is a disease, structure, operation, or procedure named for the person who discovered or described it first. For example, Alzheimer’s disease is named for German neurologist Alois Alzheimer
eponym
is a set of signs and symptoms that occur together as part of a specific disease process.
syndrome
is a prediction of the probable course and outcome of a disease
prognosis
s the temporary, partial, or complete disappearance of the symptoms of a disease without having achieved a cure.
Remission
is a word formed from the initial letter of the major parts of a compound term. For example, the acronym laser stands for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
acronym
means pertaining to the interior or lining of an artery
Endarterial
end
within
ather/o
plaque or fatty substance
atheroma
fatty deposit within the wall of an artery
oma
tumor
arthralgia
pain in a joint or joins
appendectomy
the surgical removal of the appendix
col
colon
colotomy
surgical incision
is a groove or crack-like sore of the skin
fissure
is an abnormal passage, usually between two internal organs or leading from an organ to the surface of the body
fistula
is the last and longest portion of the small intestine.
ileum
ilium
is part of the hip bone.
mening
meninges
meningitis
in which the cause of the inflammation is an infection.
tendinitis
caused by overuse rather than infection.
tendin
tendon
is the invasion of the body by a pathogenic (disease-producing) organism.
infection
is a word of French origin referring to a feeling of general discomfort or uneasiness that is often the first indication of an infection or other disease.
malaise
is a fluid, such as pus, that leaks out of an infected wound.
exudate
hyperthermia
heat
erythema
redness
is a torn or jagged wound or an accidental cut.
laceration
is a pathologic change of the tissues due to disease or injury.
lesion
describes the specialized membranes that line the body cavities.
mucous
is the name of the fluid secreted by these mucous membranes.
mucus
myc/o
fungus
mycosis
describes any abnormal condition or disease caused by a fungus
myelopathy
describes any pathologic change or disease in the spinal cord
my/o
muscle
myopathy
describes any pathologic change or disease of muscle tissue
-ologist
means specialist
is an examination technique in which the examiner’s hands are used to feel the texture, size, consistency, and location of certain body parts.
Palpation
is a pounding or racing heart.
pyel/o, py/o, and pyr/o
palpatation
pyel/o
renal pelvis, which is part of the kidney.
py/o
pus
Pyelitis
is an inflammation of the renal pelvis
Pyoderma
is any acute, inflammatory, pus-forming bacterial skin infection such as impetigo
pyr/o
fever or fire
supimation
is the act of rotating the arm so that the palm of the hand is forward or upward.
is the formation or discharge of pus.
suppuration
triage
is the medical screening of patients to determine their relative priority of need and the proper place of treatment
trauma
means wound or injury. These are the types of injuries that might occur in an accident, shooting, natural disaster, or fire.
Terms used to describe the location of body planes, directions, and cavities.
Anatomic Reference Systems
The cells, tissues, and glands that form the body systems that work together to enable the body to function properly.
Structures of the Body
The genetic components that transfer characteristics from parents to their child.
Genetics
A group of similarly specialized cells that work together to perform specific functions.
Tissues
A group of specialized cells that is capable of producing secretions.
Glands
Organs are somewhat independent parts of the body that perform specific functions. Organs with related functions are organized into body systems.
Body Systems and Related Organs
The study of the nature and cause of disease that involve changes in structure and function.
Pathology
aden/o
gland
adip/o
fat
anter/o
before, front
caud/o
lower part of body, tail
cephal/o
head
tissue
hist/o
plas/i, plas/o, plasia
development, growth, formation
abdominal cavity
The body cavity that contains the major organs of digestion.
adenectomy
The surgical removal of a gland
A malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue.
adenocarcinoma
adenomalacia
Abnormal softening of a gland.
A benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue.
adenoma
Abnormal hardening of a gland.
adenosclerosis
A change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other.
anaplasia
anatomy
The study of the structures of the body.
A deviation from what is regarded as normal.
anomaly
Situated in front.
anterior
aplasia
The defective development or congenital absence of an organ or tissue.
blood borne transmission
The spread of a disease through contact with blood or other body fluids contaminated with blood.
caudal
Toward the lower part of the body.
cephalic
towards the head
A genetic structure is located within the nucleus of each cell.
chromosome
Any disease transmitted from one person to another either directly or by indirect contact with contaminated objects.
communicable disease
An abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth.
congenital disorder
The material located within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus.
cytoplasam
distal
Situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure.
dorsal
Back of the body or organ.
Abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs.
dysplasia
Referring to the ongoing presence of a disease, such as the common cold, within a population, group, or area.
endemic
Glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.
endocrine glands
epidemic
A sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area.
epigastric region
The region located above the stomach.
The study of the causes of diseases.
etiology
exocrine glands
Glands that secrete chemical substances into ducts leading either to other organs or out of the body.
Produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified.
functional disorder
A pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene.
genetic disorder
A physician who specializes in the care of older people.
geriatrician
A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing.
hemophilia
The microscopic study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues.
histology
homeostasis
The processes through which the body maintains a constant internal environment.
The enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues.
hyperplasia
A general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the size, but not in the number, of the cells in the tissues.
hypertrophy
hypogastric region
The region of the abdomen that is located below the stomach.
The incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells.
hypoplasia
Unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment.
iatrogenic illness
An illness without known cause.
idiopathic disorder
Illness caused by a living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses.
infectious disease
Relating to the groin; refers to the entire lower portion of the abdomen including the groin.
inguinal
The direction toward or nearer the midline.
medial
The fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall.
messentery
The vertical plane that divides the body, from top to bottom, into equal left and right halves.
midsagittal plane
A disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting.
nosocomial infection
A disease outbreak occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide.
pandemic
The space formed by the hip bones that contains the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems.
pelvic cavity
The multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity.
peritoneum
Inflammation of the peritoneum.
peritonitis
A genetic disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing.
phenylketonuria
The study of the functions of the body structures.
physiology
posterior
Situated in back or on the back part of an organ.
Situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure.
proximal
Located behind the peritoneum.
retroperitoneal
Unspecialized cells that renew themselves for long periods of time through cell division.
stem cells
The cavity that surrounds and protects the heart and the lungs; also known as the chest cavity.
thoracic cavity
The cavity that surrounds and protects the heart and the lungs; also known as the chest cavity.
transverse plane
The pit in the center of the abdominal wall that marks where the umbilical cord was attached before birth.
umbillcus
The spread of a disease due to the bite of a vector capable of transmitting that disease.
vector-borne transmission
Refers to the front or belly side of the body or organ.
ventral
is the study of the functions of the structures of the body
Physiology
The ________ ________describes the body standing in the standard position. This includes:
Standing up straight so that the body is erect and facing forward.
Holding the arms at the sides with the hands turned, the palms face toward the front.
anatomic posotion
imaginary vertical and horizontal lines used to divide the body into sections for descriptive purposes
body planes
A _____ ______ is an up-and-down plane that is at a right angle to the horizon.
vertical plane
A _______ _______ is a vertical plane that divides the body into unequal left and right portions.
sagittal plane
The ________ ________ also known as the midline, is the sagittal plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves
midsagittal plane
A ______ ______is a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions. Also known as the coronal plane, it is located at right angles to the sagittal plane
frontal plane
A _______ _______ is a flat, crosswise plane, such as the horizon.
horizontal plane
refers to the front, or belly side, of the organ or body
ventral
ventr
belly side of the body
anterior
means situated in the front. It also means on the front or forward part of an organ
dors
back of the body
anter
means front or before,
posterior
means situated in the back. It also means on the back part of an organ
poster
means back or toward the back
superior
means uppermost, above, or toward the head. For example, the lungs are located superior to (above) the diaphragm.
inferior
means lowermost, below, or toward the feet. For example, the stomach is located inferior to (below) the diaphragm.
CEPHALIC
means toward the head
head
cephal
means toward the lower part of the body
caudal
caud
tail or lower part of the body
means situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure. For example, the proximal end of the humerus (bone of the upper arm) forms part of the shoulder.
Proximal
means situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure. For example, the distal end of the humerus forms part of the elbow
Distal
means the direction toward, or nearer, the midline. For example, the medial ligament of the knee is near the inner surface of the leg
medial
means the direction toward, or nearer, the side of the body, away from the midline. For example, the lateral ligament of the knee is near the side of the leg.
lateral
The two major _____ _______ which are the dorsal (back) and the ventral (front) cavities, are spaces within the body that contain and protect internal organs
body cavities,
The _____ _______, which is located along the back of the body and head, contains organs of the nervous system that coordinate body functions and is divided into two portions
dorsal cavity
The _____ _________, which is located within the skull, surrounds and protects the brain.
cranial cavity
cranial
pertaining to the skull
The _____ _______ which is located within the spinal column, surrounds and protects the spinal cord.
spinal cavity,
The ______ ______which is located along the front of the body, contains the body organs that sustain homeostasis.
ventral cavity,
Is the processes through which the body maintains a constant internal environment
Homeostasis
home/o
constant
stasis
control
The ______ _______ , also known as the chest cavity or thorax, surrounds and protects the heart and the lungs.
Thoracic Cavity
The _________ is a muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities.
diaphragm
The ______ ________ contains the major organs of digestion.
abdominal cavity
the ______ _______ is the space formed by the hip bones and contains the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems.
pelvic cavity
is there a physical division between the abdominal and pelvic cavities.
no
The term ___________ ________refers to these two cavities as a single unit
abdominopelvic cavity
abdomin/o
abdomen
pelv
pelvis
The term ________which means relating to the groin, refers to the entire lower area of the abdomen. This includes the groin, which is the crease at the junction of the trunk with the upper end of the thigh.
inguinal
_________ of the _______ and ________ comprise a descriptive system that divides the abdomen and lower portion of the thorax into nine parts
Regions of the thorax and abdomen
The _____ and ____ ________ ____________are covered by the lower ribs
The left and right hypochondriac regions
chondr/i
cartilage
hypochondriac
below the ribs
located above the stomach
epigastric region
epi
above
surrounds the play audio umbilicu
umbilical region
are located near the hip bones
right and left iliac regions
ili
hip
is located below the stomach
hypogastric region
What are the four quadrants of the abdomen?
Right upper quadrant (RUQ)
Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
Right lower quadrant (RLQ)
Left lower quadrant (LLQ)
is a multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity.
peritoneum
is a thin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or divides a space or organ.
membrane
is the outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the interior of the abdominal wall.
parietal peritoneum
Parietal
cavity wall
is a fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall.
mesentery
is the inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the organs of the abdominal cavity.
visceral peritoneum
relating to the internal organs.
visceral
means located behind the peritoneum
Retroperitoneal
retro
behind
periton
peritoneum
inflammation of the peritoneum.
Peritonitis
Major Functions:
Supports and shapes the body. Protects the internal organs. Forms some blood cells and stores minerals.
Major Structure: Bones, Joints, and cartilage
Skeletal System
Major Functions:
Holds the body erect. Makes movement possible. Moves body fluids and generates body heat.
Major Structures: muscles, fascia, and tendons
Muscular System
Major Functions:
Blood circulates throughout the body to transport oxygen and nutrients to cells, and to carry waste products to the kidneys where waste is removed by filtration.
Major structures:
heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, and blood
Cardiovascular system
Major Functions:
Removes and transports waste products from the fluid between the cells. Destroys harmful substances such as pathogens and cancer cells in the lymph nodes. Returns the filtered lymph to the bloodstream where it becomes plasma again.
Major Structures: Lymph, lymphatic vessels, and lymph nodes
Lymphatic System
Major Functions:
Defends the body against invading pathogens and allergens.
Major structures:
Tonsils, spleen, thymus, skin, and specialized blood cells
Immune System
Major Functions:
Brings oxygen into the body for transportation to the cells. Removes carbon dioxide and some water waste from the body.
Major Structures:
nose, pharynx, trachea, larynx, and lungs
Respiratory system
Major Functions:
Digests ingested food so it can be absorbed into the bloodstream. Eliminates solid waste.
Major Structures:
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, and pancreas
DIgestive system
Major Functions:
Filters blood to remove waste. Maintains the electrolyte and fluid balance within the body.
Major Structures:
Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra
Urinary System
Major Functions:
Coordinates the reception of stimuli. Transmits messages throughout the body.
Major Structures:
Nerves, brain, and spinal cord
Nervous System
Major Functions:
Receive visual and auditory information and transmit it to the brain.
Major Structures:
Eyes and Ears
Special Senses
Major Functions:
Protects the body against invasion by bacteria. Aids in regulating the body temperature and water content
Major Structures:
Skin, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands
Integumentary System
Major Functions:
Integrates all body functions.
Major Structures:
Adrenal glands, gonads, pancreas, parathyroids, pineal, pituitary, thymus, and thyroid
Endocrine System
Major Functions:
Produces new life
Major Structures:
Male: penis and testicles;
Female: ovaries, uterus, and vagina
Reproductive System
hist/o
tissue
aden/o
gland
plasia
placement
a malignant tumor that originates within glandular tissue
adenocarcinoma
an abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in the tissues
hyperplasia
tissue commonly known as fat
adipose
benign tumor that arises in, or resembles, glandular tissue
adenoma
the microscopic study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues
histology
surgical removal of a gland
adenectomy
When a _______ gene is inherited from either parent, the offspring will inherit that genetic condition or characteristic.
dominant
A is a fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity.
gene
A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing are known as
hemophilia
study of disease
pathology
path/o or -pathy
means disease, also means suffering, feeling, and emotion
a physician who specializes in the laboratory analysis of disease, tissue samples, to confirm or establish a diagnosis
pathologist
-oligist
Specialist
The study of the causes of diseases
Etiology
eti-
cause
A disease producing microorganism, such as a virus
Pathogen
Means that a pathogen is possibly present
Contamination
The spread of a disease
Transmission
Any condition that is transmitted from one person to another, either directly or by indirect contact with contaminated objects
Communicable disease/contagious disease
Capable of being transmitted
Communicable
Refers to situation in which a suspectible person is infected by contact with the contaminated surface. Frequent handwashing is essential for the prevention of these disease transmission.
Indirect contact transmission
Is the spread of the disease through contact with infected blood or other bodily fluids that are contaminated by infected blood examples include human immunodeficiency virus, (HIV) hepatitis B, and most sexually transmitted diseases
Blood borne transmission
The spread of diseases, such as measles, cold, and flew through large respiratory droplets sprayed by coughing or sneezing on twin nearby, person or object. The use of a facemask as a precaution helps limit this type of transmission, which is a primary cause of nosocomial infections
Droplet transmissions
Occurs through the contact of germs, floating in the air. When someone coughs or sneezes. Certain pathogens can remain airborne for a long period of time, infecting someone, even after the sick person is gone. Examples include tuberculosis, measles, and chickenpox.
Airborne transmission
Also known as fecal oral transmission, is caused by eating or drinking contaminated, food, or water that has not been properly treated to remove contamination or kill any pathogens present
Foodborne and water borne transmission
The spread of certain disease due to the bite of a vector. As used here, the term vector describes insects or animals, such as flies, mites, fleas, ticks, rats, and dogs that are capable of transmitting, a disease.
Vectorborne transmission
A specialist in the study of outbreaks of disease within a population group
Epidemiologists
epi-
above
dem/i
population
Refers to the ongoing presence of a disease within a population group or area
Endemic
en-
within
A sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area
Epidemic
Refers to an outbreak of a disease or crying over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide
Pandemic
pan-
entire
Produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cars can be identified for example, a panic attack
Functional disorder
Is an unfavorable response due to prescribe medical treatment for example, severe burns resulting from radiation therapy
iatrogenic ilness
An illness caused by living pathogenic organisms, such as bacteria and viruses
Infectious disease
An illness without known cause
idiopathic disorder
Is a disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting, for example multi drug resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are often spread in hospitals
nosocomial Infection
IDI/O
Means peculiar to the individual
produces symptoms caused by detectable physical changes in the body. For example, chickenpox, which has a characteristic rash
Organic disorder
Is an abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth
congenital disorder
existing at birth
congenital
Also known as a birth defect can result in an anomaly or malformation, such as the absence of a limb, or the presence of an extra toe
Developmental disorder
Is a deviation from what is regarded as normal
Anomaly
Describes the congenital absence of a normal body opening or the failure of a structure to be tubular
atresia
Are the mother’s health, her behavior, and the prenatal medical care if she does or does not receive before delivery
Prenatal influences
Caused by the mothers consumption of alcohol during the pregnancy
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Which is a birth that occurs earlier than 37 weeks of development can cause serious health problems because the babies body systems have not had the time to form completely. breathing difficulties and heart problems are common in premature babies
Premature birth
Are congenital disorders that were not present before the events surrounding the time of birth
Birth injuries
The results of brain damage can be caused by premature birth or inadequate oxygen to the brain during the birth process
Cerebral palsy
The study of the medical problems and care of other people is known as
Geriatrics or gerontology
Means after death
Post Mortem
Post Mortem examination
Autopsy
provides ongoing care for patients of all ages
general practitioner
physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the internal organs, and related body systems
internist
physician who specializes in diagnosing, treating, and preventing disorders and diseases of infants and children.
Pediatrician
physician who specializes in the care of older people
geriatrician
nurse with graduate training who often works as a primary care provider
nurse practiconer
is a licensed professional who works under the supervision of a physician.
Physician assistant
schedules and registers patients for appointments and may also work as a medical assistant
medical receptionist
is the material within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus.
the slightly movable articulation between the sacrum and posterior portion of the ilium
sacroiliac
the tissue that lines the medullary cavity
endosteum
The upper portion of the sternum is the
manubrium
The shaft of a long bone is known as the
diaphysis
