Comprehensive final Flashcards
What is the primary purpose of the State Nurse Practice Act?
State what a nurse can legally do/ define scope of practice
Who writes the Standards of Nursing Care?
American Nurses Association
What’s CMTS stand for?
color, movement, temp, sensation
Malpractice is which type of legal action?
unintentional tort
What does EMTALA ensure?
Patient in active labor will receive care at the facility at
what’s primary care?
what’s secondary care?
what’s tertiary care?
primary: When you are working to keep patient healthy by promoting health and illness-prevention activities, what level are you utilizing?
secondary: focuses on early diagnosis and treatment- reduce the impact of the disease and its consequences
tertiary: focuses on long-term rehabilitation, health restoration and palliative care and care of the dying, halt disease progression and restore functioning
What is the most typical type of healthcare coverage for those over 65?
Medicare
Which agency ensure safe, quality care is provided at long term care settings?
The Federal Bureau of Quality Assurance
What organization has quality nursing education as one of its main focuses?
NLN
Who has developed the National Patient Safety Goals?
The Joint Commission
what is the ANA’s Code of Ethics?
It is a formal guideline of minimum standards
What are the ANA Standards of Nursing Practice similar too?
the nursing process
what’s the good Samaritan act?
protects a health care worker if they provide first aid at an accident scene
What does the state board of nursing do?
Which law protects society as a whole- criminal or civil?
What are the elements of malpractice?
- Duty
- Breach of Duty
- Causation
- Damages
What is the Code of Ethics and why is it important?
Define these ethical principles:
*Autonomy-
*Nonmaleficence-
*Beneficence-
*Fidelity-
*Veracity-
*Justice-
what’s preload?
what’s preloaded in the ventricles, ready to head out to the body
what’s afterload?
how hard the heart has to work to over the pressure (diastole)?
The laws that are set by each state to regulate nursing practice that the state board of nursing oversees are the:
Nurse Practice Act
The organization that is concerned with the professionalism of nursing and has written the nursing Code of Ethics is:
American Nurses Association (ANA)
The type of law that deals with wrongs against society is ______________ law
criminal law
means: low protein level
worry about: wound healing and fluid balance
negative nitrogen balance
lipids and fats should be ___% of calories
30% of calories
omega 3 and 6 are ______ & help with what?
essential fatty acids
protect the heart
greasy foods and bakery products have _____ fat
trans
solid at room temp
marbled meats is ____ fats
saturated
water soluble vitamins
B complex vitamins and Vitamin C
*easily abosorbed and easily used
*excess is urinated out
*help with RBC’s
fat soluble vitamins
*A
*D - help absorb calcium
*E - antioxidant and skin
*K - vision, helps blood clot
sodium is a _____________
normal levels ___________
intra/extracellular?
*mineral
*135-145
*EXTRAcellular
potassium is a _________
too much can cause _______
IV indications?
intra/extracellular?
normal levels?
*mineral
*cardiac arrest if high
*IV push - diluted and slow
*INTRAcellular
*3.5 - 5.0
calcium is a __________
involved in ______________
normal levels ___________
*mineral
*blood clotting, muscle contraction (“calcium calms”)
*8.5 - 10.5
magnesium is a ___________
helpful with _______________
normal level ______________
*mineral
*restless leg syndrome (relaxes muscles), enzyme activities, brain neuron activity, relaxation of respiratory muscles, metabolism of calcium, potassium, and sodium
*1.6-2.6
phosphorous is a __________
relationship with ___________?
helpful for _________________
*mineral
*inverse of calcium
*building bones and teeth, catalyst for intracellular activities, muscle and nerve action
*1 L = ____ kg
1 kg
ADH does what?
stops body from excreting water, CONSERVES water
RAAS does what?
*regulates our blood pressure and fluid volume
chloride characteristics?
normal level?
intra/extracellular?
*goes with sodium
*95-105
*mostly extracellular (like sodium!)
Carbohydrates
Primary energy source
45-65% calories
signs of Hyponatremia
(Decreases serum osmolality)
Confusion, lethargy, headache, restless, decreased reflexes, seizures, and coma
signs of Hypernatremia
(Increase serum osmolality)
Thirst, dry sticky mucus membranes with dry red tone, increased temperature, restlessness, headache, and seizures
signs of Hypokalemia
Flattened T waves, muscle weakness and cramps, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, constipation, cardia dysrhythmias, feeling skipped beats
signs of Hyperkalemia
Tall peaked T waves, paresthesia, muscle weakness, muscle paralysis and loss of tone, diarrhea, cardia arrest
signs of Hypocalcemia
tetany, positive Chvostek’s and Trousseau’s signs, laryngeal spasm, muscle cramps, confusion, and dysrhthmias
signs of Hypercalcemia
Lethargy/ decreased level of consciousness, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, muscle weakness. personality changes, bizarre behavior, bradycardia, kidney stones
signs of Hypomagnesemia
Hyperactive reflexes
Numbness and tingling
Irritability, mood changes, muscular weakness, muscle spasms, and NYSTAGMUS
signs of Hypermagnesemia
hypotension, decreases reflexes, flushing, confusion, drowsiness, weakness
signs of Hypophospheria
disorientation, changes in euro status, seizures, joint stiffness, cardiomyopathy
signs of Hyperphospheria
May be asymptomatic
Muscular spasms and cramping, weakness of the bones, tetany and crystal accumulation in the circulatory system and in the body’s tissues
A client’s albumin level is normal at 4 but the prealbumin is low at 10. What does this mean?
Patient had RECENT protein malnutrition
The type of fat that can raise cholesterol levels in the body is ______________________
saturated
Which thanksgiving pie is an excellent source of Vitamin A?
pumpkin!
Which B complex vitamin is important for preventing neural tube defects?
B9
Which of the following is the best source of Vitamin C?
Milk, wax beans, yogurt, potatoes
potatoes
can Vitamin E help to prevent atherosclerosis?
yes
about ____% of our supply of Vitamin K is produced by the ________
75%
intestines
can you have ice cream or red jello on on a clear liquid diet?
ice cream: NO
red jello: yes
what’s a low residue diet?
best source of iron?
lean meat
One reason the body needs fat is to _______________
provide fat soluble vitamins A, D, E and K
Name two vitamins that are natural antioxidants.
A & C
Minerals are needed in small quantities and so are known as ______________
micronutrients.
Why is iron needed?
to make hemoglobin in RBC’s
If you have liver disease or high blood pressure what mineral should you eat less of?
sodium
1g of fat gives how many kilocalories of energy?
9 kcal
