Asepsis Flashcards
how long should you wash your hands?
15-20 seconds
examples of forms of droplet transmission
Exhaling, coughing, sneezing, talking, suctioning, oral care, spitting
examples of forms of airborne transmission
Via air conditioning or heating systems, sweeping, shaking bed linens- carried on air currents
Exogenous healthcare-related infection
Pathogen acquired from healthcare environment
Iatrogenic
Direct result of diagnostic or therapeutic procedure (IV line infection, bladder infection after catheterization)
*this is a subclass of exogenous
Endogenous healthcare-related infection
Normal flora multiply and cause infection as a result of treatment
5 phases in the course of infection
*Incubation
*Prodromal
*Illness
*Decline
*Convalescence
the body’s secondary defenses
biochemical processes activated by chemicals that pathogens release
*phagocytosis by WBC’s
*complement cascade
*inflammatory response
*fever
tertiary body defenses
ACTIVE: when the body makes the antibodies or T cells
PASSIVE: Receive antibodies from an outside source ( immunizations/ mother’s milk)
SPECIFIC: Immune cells recognize and destroy pathogens they have encountered before-
tertiary body defenses: humoral vs cell-mediated
HUMORAL: B-cell production of antibodies (in response to an antigen)
CELL-MEDIATED: Direct destruction of infected cells by T cells or phagocytes ( doesn’t use antibodies/ immunoglobulins)
T cells stimulate B-cells and other T-cells
IgM
-First antibody produced when an antigen is encountered
-Largest antibody
IgG
-Only one to cross placenta
-most common
IgE
responsible for allergic response
IgA
found in mucus membranes around body openings and in the intestines
IgD
forms on the surface of B cells
natural active immunity
Body produces own antibodies after exposure to pathogen
artificial active immunity
Vaccine ( weakened or dead pathogen) administered and body produces antibodies or T-cells in response
Longest lasting- may even last lifetime
natural passive immunity
Natural antibodies passed from one source to another- through placenta or mother’s milk
artificial passive immunity
Receive serum that has the antibodies already produced in it to the pathogen exposed to
Tier I precautions
*standard precautions
*Applies to all blood, body fluids, excretions and secretions except sweat, non-intact skin and mucous membranes
*gown, gloves, mask, eyewear as needed
Tier II precautions
*contact precautions
*Used for clients known/suspected to have serious illnesses transmitted by direct client contact or by contact with items in their environment or secretions
*gown and gloves
*dedicated equipment for that patient
*double bag linens and mark
Tier II droplet precautions
*gown, gloves, surgical mask, eyewear
*These are conditions that can be spread through close respiratory or mucous membrane contact with respiratory secretions- droplets will travel 3 – 6 feet through the air
*double bag linen and mark
Tier II airborne precautions
*infections that spread a long distance (small particles stay suspended in the air)
*Dispose of supplies used in the room
*Should be in a single room with special air handling capacity (negative air flow) or at least a private room with the door closed
*Double-bag and mark linen
*Patient needs to wear mask if leaving the room for procedure
*gown, gloves, N95 respirator
Protective Environment/ Reverse Isolation
*Used to protect the patient from any microorganisms carried by ppl
*Private room with Positive Airflow- HEPA filter with at least 12 air exchanges/hour
*No carpeting in room
*Wet-dusting daily
*No flowers or plants
*no standing water in room
*Nurse is not assigned to another patient with an active infection
*gown, gloves and mask to protect the patient
donning PPE
- gown
- mask
- face shield/goggles
- gloves
doffing PPE
- gloves
- gown
- goggles
- mask/face shield
