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Compounds and Stoichiometry . Flashcards

1
Q

What are compounds?

A

They are substances composed of two or more elements in a fixed proportion.

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2
Q

What is molecular weight?

A

It is the mass (in amu) of the constituent atoms in a compound as indicated by the molecular formula.

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3
Q

what is molar mass?

A

It is the mass of one mole (avagadro’s) of a compound; usually measured in grams per mole.

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4
Q

Gram equivalent weight

A

a measure of the mass of a substance that can donate one equivalent of the species of interest.

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5
Q

Normality

A

The ratio of equivalents per liter; it is related to molarity by multiplying the molarity by the number of equivalents present per mole of a compound.

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6
Q

Equivalents

A

are moles of the species of interest; are most often in acid-base chemistry (hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions) and oxidation-reduction reactions (moles of electrons or other ions)

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7
Q

What is the law of composition?

A

states that any pure sample of a compound will contain the same elements in the same mass ratio.

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8
Q

What is empirical formula?

A

the smallest whole-number ratio of the elements in a compound.

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9
Q

What is the molecular formula?

A

it either the same as or a multiple of the empirical formula; it gives the exact number of atoms

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10
Q

What is the percent composition?

A

by mass, determines the mass of the individual element and divide by the molar mass of the compound.

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11
Q

What are combination reactions?

A

Occur when two or more reactants combine to from one product.

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12
Q

What are decomposition reactions?

A

occur when one reactant is chemically broken down in two or more products.

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13
Q

What is displacement reactions?

A

Occurs one or more atoms or ions of one compound are replaced with one or more atoms of ions of anther compound.

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14
Q

Single displacement reactions

A

occurs when an ion of one compound is replaced with another element.

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15
Q

Combustion reactions?

A

occur when a fuel and an oxidant (typically oxygen) react, forming the products and water and carbon dioxide.

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16
Q

double displacement reactions

A

When elements form two different compounds swap places with each other to form two new compounds. Also known as metathesis reaction.

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17
Q

neutralization reactions

A

are those in which an acid react with a base to form a salt (and usually water)

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18
Q

Balanced equation are determined by using…?

A

balance the least common atom
balance the more common atoms (usually hydrogen and oxygen.
Balancing the charge, if necessary.

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19
Q

What is the limiting reagent

A

the reactant that will be consumed first in a chemical reaction.

20
Q

What is the excess reagent?

A

the other reactants that are not the limiting.

21
Q

What is theoretical yield?

A

The amount of product generated fi all of the limiting reactant is consumed with no side reactions.

22
Q

What is the actual yield?

A

typically lower than the theoretical and what actually occurs

23
Q

What is percent yield?

A

Calculated by dividing actual yield by theoretical yield and converting into a percentage.

24
Q

Roman numeral are used in ions to…

A

represent charge in elements

25
Q

-ous ending indicates what in elements

A

a lesser charge

26
Q

-ic ending indicates

A

a greater charge .

27
Q

all monatomic anions end in

28
Q

Oxyanions that contains -ite suffix are…

A

lesser amount of oxygen

29
Q

Oxyanions that contain -ate suffix are…

A

greater amount of oxygen

30
Q

Oxyanion series with more than two members are given an additional nomenclature that is..

A

the fewest oxy hypo-, more oxy per-

31
Q

Hydrogens are denoted in polyatomic compounds by..

A

hydrogen, or bihydrogen.

32
Q

How are ion charges predicted?

A

by group number and type of element fro representative elements, but are generally unpredictable for nonrepresentative elements. Metals form positively charge cations based on group numbers. Nonmetals form negatively charge anions based on the number of electrons needed to achieve octet.

33
Q

Electrolytes

A

contain equivalents of ions from molecules that dissociate in solution. The strength of and electrolyte depends on its degree of dissociation or solvation.

34
Q

Mole from mass equation

A

Mass of sample/molar mass

35
Q

Gram equivalent weight

A

GEW= molar mass/n

36
Q

Equivalents from mass

A

equivalents = mass of compound/gram equivalent weight

37
Q

Molarity from normality

A

molarity=normality/n

38
Q

percent composition

A

% composition =mass of element in formula/molar mass . x 100%

39
Q

percent yield

A

%yield = actual yield / theoretical yield x 100% .

40
Q

NH4+

41
Q

C2H3O2-

42
Q

CN-

43
Q

MnO4-

A

permanganate

44
Q

SCN-

A

Thiocyanate

45
Q

CrO4 2-

46
Q

Cr2O7 2-

A

dichromate

47
Q

BO3 3-

MCAT gen chem (11 decks)

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