Compounding Flashcards
what are compounding facilities besides hospitals and pharmacies (5)
veterinary clinics, cancer centers, sports medicine clinics, research clinics, holistic centers
what kinds of medications are compounded? (7)
oncologic, radiopharmaceutical, ophthalmologic, podiatric, neurologic medications & vitamins/supplements
what is non-sterile compounding? it is in accordance with the ___.
compounding 2 or more ingredients in accordance with the US pharmacopeial convention (USP) chapter 795
compounding is necessary when ___ (3)
-need specialized dosage strengths
-when product commercially unavailable
-product flavoring
what technique must a PT use to ensure purity standards when compounding? What does it involve? (4)
aseptic technique - sterile work area, good hygiene, sterile handling, contaminate-free solutions/reagents
non-sterile compounding is also called
extemporaneous compounding
what can non-sterile compounding make? (9)
ointment, cream, paste, oil in water emulsion, solution, lotion, capsule, tablet, suppository
formulas for non sterile compounding of frequent prescriptions can be found in the
master formula record
true or false
compounded medications must be verified by the pharmacist
true
what is included in a non-sterile compounding log (7)
name of product, lot #, date made, expiration/beyond use dates, quantity, amount of ingredient used, PT/pharmacist initials
what is USP chapter 795
standard for non-sterile compounding for purity, quality, and strength
tituration
reduce to fine powder by grinding
a ___ can be made using a mold
tablet
what is sterile compounding
using sterile or non sterile product to create sterile product for intravenous or parenteral use
what is USP chapter 797? What does it involve? (3)
the guideline that sets sterile compounding measures - clean environments such as air quality (to avoid contamination), training of personnel/continuing education, and stability/sterilization techniques
routes of administration for:
non-sterile compounding (3)
sterile compounding (2)
non = oral, rectal, topical
sterile = intravenous & parenteral
what does parenteral mean
injection/infusion subcutaneously, intravenously, or intramuscularly
what is used for infection control (5)
hand hygiene, vaccination, education, TB testing, PPE/gowning
what is PPE when gowning up (6)
lab coats/suits, shoe covers, masks, gloves, goggles, bouffant caps
what is the order of garbing up (5)
dirtiest to cleanest
shoe covers/cap, wash hands, gown/masks, enter room & cleanse hands with alcohol sol, gloves
what is the anteroom and clean room
anteroom = where preparation takes place (such as garbing up) to enter clean room = room free from contaminants
what happens in the anteroom (5)
label prep, order entry, garbing up, storage area, wash hands
___ water is used to dilute/dissolve medications, ___ water is used for irrigation only
bacteriostatic, sterile water
the strength of isopropyl alcohol required for disinfecting the pharmacy
70%
Which one is isotonic (2) & hypotonic (1)
What is used for (if time)
normal saline (NS) 0.9%
dextrose 5%
D5NS
0.45% normal saline (1/2 NS)
lactated ringers soltion
IVPB
potassium chloride 10, 20, 40 MEQ solution
NS = NaCl, isotonic used for fluid replacement & irrigation wounds
D5 = fluid replacement & caloric supply
D5NS = fluid/electrolyte replacement & caloric supply used for IVs
1/2 NS = hypotonic, fluid/electrolyte replacement for IVs
ringers = isotonic IV fluid/electrolyte replacement
potassium = treatment potassium deficiencies
what can cause chemical degradation of sterile compounds? (4)
time, pH, drug structure, temperature
what are factors that affect sterile compounding so they are no longer potent (4)
-chemical degradation
-order of addition
-drug precipitation
-photo degradation (light) due to oxidation/reduction
in the USP 797 for sterile compounding, what do each risk level cover? (1, 2, 3)
1 - all medications & procedures
2 - bulk compounding (multiple CSP for several patients or multiple CSPs for one patient
3 - covers all requirements for 1 & 2, those susceptible to contamination
what is infusion and flow rate when preparing IV sterile compounds
infusion = dosing rate
flow rate = drops per minute/hr
what is included in a sterile compounding label (11)
patient name, identification number, hospital room, IV solution & volume, medication, strength, instructions, initials, auxiliary labels, beyond use date (expiration date)
How often should the weights on a Class A balance be calibrated?
annually
