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First Year Electrician > Composition of Matter/Current, Voltage & Resistance > Flashcards

Composition of Matter/Current, Voltage & Resistance Flashcards

1
Q

What is a conductor?

A

A material having 1 to 3 valence electrons that will easily become free electrons to transmit electricity. (materials with low resistance)

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2
Q

What is an insulator?

A

A material having five or more valence electrons that prevents the normal transmission of electricity. (materials with high resistance)

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3
Q

What is a semiconductor?

A

A material having four electrons in the valence band of its atoms and is neither a good conductor or good insulator.

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4
Q

What is a neutron?

A

A particle in the nucleus of an atom that has no electrical charge. However its mass is approximately the same as a proton.

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5
Q

What is an electron?

A

A particle rotating in orbit around the nucleus of an atom. It has a negative electrical charge.

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6
Q

What is a compound?

A

A substance made by combining elements

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7
Q

What is an ion?

A

An atom that has gained or lost an electron

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8
Q

What is a valence electron?

A

An electron in the valence shell of an atom that is loosely bound to the atom and may readily leave its orbit.

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9
Q

What is a free electron?

A

An electron that is dislodged from its atom

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10
Q

What is matter?

A

Anything that has mass and occupies space

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11
Q

What is cohesion?

A

A force that binds molecules together

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12
Q

What is solid?

A

Having hardness and rigidity (length, thickness and breadth)

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13
Q

What are elements?

A

The basic material that goes into the make up of all matter

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14
Q

What is mass?

A

The bulk or size of matter

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15
Q

What is energy?

A

The capacity for doing work. Heat or electricity are examples

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16
Q

What is a nucleus?

A

The center core of an atom

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17
Q

What is a valence shell?

A

The outermost orbit in which electrons may revolve around the nucleus of an atom

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18
Q

What is a proton?

A

The positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom

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19
Q

What is resistance?

A

The property of a material that opposes the flow of an electric current in a circuit

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20
Q

What is a molecule?

A

The smallest particle into which a compound may be divided and still keep its original identity. (The smallest particle you can have that still maintains the same traits)

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21
Q

What is an atom?

A

The smallest particle of an element that still retains all the properties of the element

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22
Q

What is voltage?

A

Voltage is in the imbalance of electron distribution (or charges), or a difference in charge between two points.

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23
Q

What are the six methods of producing EMF?

A

Magnetic, chemical, friction, heat, pressure and light

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24
Q

Conventional current flow can also be referred to as ___ ___.

A

Hole flow.

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25
Q

What is conventional current flow?

A

It describes the movement of charge through a conductor from the positive source to the negative source.

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26
Q

What is electron flow?

A

It describes the movement of charge through a conductor from the negative source to the positive source.

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27
Q

What is static electricity?

A

The build up of charge in an insulated object.

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28
Q

An electric field and free electrons make up a what?

A

An electric current.

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29
Q

When is an electric field or force established?

A

It is established between two sources of charge that are separated, one positive and another negative.

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30
Q

What is electromotive force?

A

The force that maintains the difference in charge

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31
Q

What is the abbreviation for electromotive force?

A

EMF

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32
Q

The symbol for EMF is what?

A

E

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33
Q

What is the unit of measurement for EMF?

A

Volt, represented by the letter V.

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34
Q

What is an electric circuit?

A

The connection of a source of emf to both ends of a conductor

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35
Q

What are the three components a practical electrical circuit consists of?

A

Source of EMF, conductors and load

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36
Q

What is the symbol used for the concept of resistance?

A

R

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37
Q

What is resistance measured in along with its symbol?

A

Ohms, Ω

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38
Q

Describe Ohm’s law

A

The current in a circuit is directly proportional to the EMF applied to the circuit and inversely proportional to the resistance of the circuit.

39
Q

What letter is used to represent electric current?

A

I

40
Q

What is used to measure electric current?

A

The unit of measurement for current is an ampere.

Amps, A

41
Q

What is the symbol used to represent quantity of charge?

A

Q

42
Q

What is quantity of charge measured in?

A

Coulombs, C

43
Q

What is an electric current?

A

An electric current is the flow of electrons from a negatively charged point to a positively charged point.

44
Q

What are the two basic components in the universe?

A

Matter and energy

45
Q

Matter exists and what four physical states?

A
  • solid
  • liquid
  • gas
  • plasma
46
Q

Energy and matter cannot be created or destroyed; however, matter can be changed into energy and energy into matter.

True or False

A

True

47
Q

When matter has low energy or is under pressure it is said to be in what state?

A

Solid

48
Q

The northern lights is an example of what?

A

A cool plasma

49
Q

A lightning bolt is an example of what?

A

A hot plasma

50
Q

Plasma is an ionized gas,

True or False

A

True

51
Q

The two main properties of matter are what?

A

Chemical and physical

52
Q

Substances composed of only one type of atom are called what?

A

Elements

53
Q

Substances composed of more than one type of atom are called what?

A

Compounds

54
Q

What is required to change matter from one state to another?

A

Energy

55
Q

How can the physical properties of matter be identified?

A

Sight, smell, taste, touch or hearing

56
Q

What are the particles rotating around the nucleus of an atom?

A

Electrons

57
Q

What 2 particles are found within the nucleus of an atom?

A

Protons and neutrons

58
Q

Neutrons have the same size and mass as a proton but differ in charge.

True or False

A

True

59
Q

The atomic number of an element refers to what?

A

The number of electrons found in the orbiting paths around the nucleus equals the number of protons in the nucleus (in a neutral state).

60
Q

What is the law of electrical charges?

A

Unlike charges attract each other, while like charges repel each other.

61
Q

Since protons repel each other they do not stay within the nucleus of an atom.

True or False

A

False, although there is a repelling force between the protons in the nucleus, it is counteracted by an atomic binding force within the nucleus.

62
Q

What is the atomic number for copper and how many electrons are in its valence shell?

A

29, 1.

63
Q

What is a positive ion?

A

When an atom has lost electrons.

64
Q

What is the negative ion?

A

An atom that has gained electrons.

65
Q

If a positively charged particle and a negatively charged particle are close together the force developed between them is one of ___.

A

Attraction

66
Q

An element is the smallest particle into which a compound can be divided and still keep its original properties.

True or False

A

False, not an element but a molecule

67
Q

Atoms that have the same number of electrons and protons are considered to be what?

A

Neutral

68
Q

What is the symbol that is used to represent electrical charge?

A

Q

69
Q

Potential difference may be described as a difference in electron distribution between two points of an electric circuit.

True or False

A

True

70
Q

When a potential difference exists across an open portion of the circuit a current will flow.

True or False

A

False, current will not flow

71
Q

A thermocouple is one method of producing and electromotive force.

True or False

A

True

72
Q

A coulomb is a measure of:

Current
Amperes
Charge or
Voltage

A

Charge

73
Q

Ohm’s law, written in the form of an equation, would be what?

A 
I=E/R
or
E=IR
or
R=E/I
74
Q

A generator is a device that uses the magnetic principle to produce electricity.

True or False

A

True

75
Q

The equation that shows the relationship between coulombs and current would be:

A 
I=Q/t
or
Q=It
or
t=Q/I
76
Q

The name used to describe the current that flows from positive to negative in the external circuit is:

A

Conventional

77
Q

The unit of measurement for resistance is the:

Volt
Ampere
Ohm or
Coulomb

A

Ohm

78
Q

A coulomb is the measure of a certain number of what?

A

Electrons

79
Q

The symbol used to represent the source voltage of an electric circuit is what?

A

E

80
Q

The flow of electrons from one point to another is caused by:

a) Magnetic attraction
b) Repulsion of protons from a negative terminal
c) A difference in charge between two points

A

c, A difference in charge between two points

81
Q

The type of electricity produced by the rubbing together of two materials is called:

frictional, conventional, static, electron flow or none of the above

A

Static

82
Q

What is an example of static electricity?

A

shoes rubbing against a rug

83
Q

The symbol used to represent a volt drop within an electric circuit is what?

A

V

84
Q

The unit of measurement for an electric charge is what?

A

Coulomb

85
Q

And electric field is a force that exist between ____ charges.

A

different

86
Q

The circuit property that opposes the flow of current within a circuit is called what?

A

Resistance

87
Q

To have an electric current, you must have an electric field and free electrons.

True or False

A

True

88
Q

A coulomb represents approximately 6.28 x 10¹⁸ of electrons.

True or False

A

True

89
Q

How is voltage measured between two different points?

A

Voltage is measured across a device, between two conductors or between two separate points along the same conductor.

90
Q

What is current?

A

The flow of electrons in a conductor that joins the source of negative charge to positive charge and is measured in amperes (A).

91
Q

One volt is the value of the difference in charge that will cause a current of one ampere to flow in a circuit with a resistance of one ohm

True or False

A

True

92
Q

Which electrons are active in the electron flow?

A

Free electrons

93
Q

The direction of electron flow is determined by what?

A

The polarity of the source

First Year Electrician (5 decks)

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