Composition Of Cells, Organic And Inorganic Substances And Role In Structure And Function

Question 0

Inorganic compounds

Answer 0

Any compound lacking carbon atoms, or when the present is inoic ally bound to other atoms.

Question 1

Organic Compounds

Answer 1

Naturally occurring compounds made of smaller molecules bonded together. All contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Compounds are known as polymers, and these are made of monomers.

Question 2

Carbohydrates

Answer 2

Are energy rich. Basic unit is sugar, known as monosaccharide. I.e glucose. Polysaccharides are many monosaccharides joined together. Plants: cell wall, energy = glucose, stored energy = starch. Animals: energy = glucose, stored energy = glycogen.

Question 3

Proteins

Answer 3

Built from amino acids (monomer). Contain hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and carbon. Amino acids join together to form polypeptide chains. Found in cell membrane and throughout cell. Enzymes are made of proteins.

Question 4

Lipids

Answer 4

Fats, oils and waxes. Stores 2 times as much energy as polysaccharides. Made of fatty acids and glycerol molecules. Triglyceride (one glycerol and three fatty acids), phospholipids (glycerol and phosphate and one fatty acid)

Question 5

Nucleic Acids

Answer 5

DNA (double stranded) = deoxyribose sugar, phosphate and one of four nitrogenous bases: adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine.
RNA (single stranded) = ribose sugar, phosphate and one of four Nucleic acids: adenine, uracil, guanine, cytosine.

Question 6

Water

Answer 6

Make up 70% of our cells. Hydrophilic (water loving) = polar. Hydrophobic (water hating) = non-polar. Facilitates metabolism. Water assists in dissolving compounds.

Question 7

Vitamins

Answer 7

Can NOT be made by animals. Water soluble vitamins = part of coenzymes, assist in enzyme function. E.g vitamin D helps absorb calcium in bones and teeth.

Question 8

Minerals

Answer 8

Can NOT be made by plants or animals. Inorganic molecules and are very important in metabolic processes.