Components of the Immune System Flashcards
Macrophage (I)
Phagocytosis of damaged tissue, cells, bacteria etc.
Antigen presentation
Synthesis of cytokines/ other chemicals
Resident phagocyte in most tissues
Neutrophil (I)
Phagocytosis using granules containing bactericidal substances
Stimulates monocytes to intima
Antigen presentation
Leukocyte in the blood
Touton giant cell (I)
Fat necrosis
Langhans giant cell (I)
TB granuloma
Foreign body giant cell (I)
Foreign body granuloma/ prosthesis
Natural Killer Cells (I)
Viral or tumour cell killer
Only kill when cells lose MHC expression unlike cytotoxic T cells.
Eosinophils (I)
Parasitic infections
Modulate immune response
Allergies
Basophils (circulating)
Histamine –> vasodilation
Heparin –> anticoagulation
Inflammatory
Mast cell (basophil in tissues) (I)
Histamine –> vasodilation
Heparin –> anticoagulation
Releases inflammatory mediators when damaged or influenced by antibodies
The Complement (I)
A group of serum proteins which, when activated, produce widespread inflammatory effects.
Polymorphonuclear leucocytes (I)
Bacterial scavenger cells with granules containing bactericidal enzymes
Dendritic cells (I)
Present antigens to T cells
Antibody (A)
Immunoglobulins/ proteins that bind specifically to different antigens to neutralise pathogens or opsonise pathogens or activate the complement
B cell (A)
Lymphocyte that secretes antibodies
T cell (A)
Lymphocytes that either help B cells, kill virus infected cells, activate macrophages or drive inflammation
Monocyte (I)
Macrophage precursor
Plasma cell (A)
A B cell in its high rate antibody secreting state
Naive lymphocyte (A)
Inactivated cells in search of specific antigens
Naive T can only be activated by dendritic cells
Memory lymphocytes (A)
After encountering an antigen, lymphocytes divide and some cells travel in the blood back to lymphatic organs
Cytotoxic T cell (A)
Kill cells expressing a specific target
T helper cells (A)
Inc. CD4
Recruit cells, stimulate inflammatory response, associated with autoimmunity
