Components of the Immune System

Question 1

Macrophage (I)

Answer 1

Phagocytosis of damaged tissue, cells, bacteria etc.
Antigen presentation
Synthesis of cytokines/ other chemicals
Resident phagocyte in most tissues

Question 2

Neutrophil (I)

Answer 2

Phagocytosis using granules containing bactericidal substances
Stimulates monocytes to intima
Antigen presentation
Leukocyte in the blood

Question 3

Touton giant cell (I)

Answer 3

Fat necrosis

Question 4

Langhans giant cell (I)

Answer 4

TB granuloma

Question 5

Foreign body giant cell (I)

Answer 5

Foreign body granuloma/ prosthesis

Question 6

Natural Killer Cells (I)

Answer 6

Viral or tumour cell killer

Only kill when cells lose MHC expression unlike cytotoxic T cells.

Question 7

Eosinophils (I)

Answer 7

Parasitic infections
Modulate immune response
Allergies

Question 8

Basophils (circulating)

Answer 8

Histamine –> vasodilation
Heparin –> anticoagulation
Inflammatory

Question 9

Mast cell (basophil in tissues) (I)

Answer 9

Histamine –> vasodilation
Heparin –> anticoagulation
Releases inflammatory mediators when damaged or influenced by antibodies

Question 10

The Complement (I)

Answer 10

A group of serum proteins which, when activated, produce widespread inflammatory effects.

Question 11

Polymorphonuclear leucocytes (I)

Answer 11

Bacterial scavenger cells with granules containing bactericidal enzymes

Question 12

Dendritic cells (I)

Answer 12

Present antigens to T cells

Question 13

Antibody (A)

Answer 13

Immunoglobulins/ proteins that bind specifically to different antigens to neutralise pathogens or opsonise pathogens or activate the complement

Question 14

B cell (A)

Answer 14

Lymphocyte that secretes antibodies

Question 15

T cell (A)

Answer 15

Lymphocytes that either help B cells, kill virus infected cells, activate macrophages or drive inflammation

Question 16

Monocyte (I)

Answer 16

Macrophage precursor

Question 17

Plasma cell (A)

Answer 17

A B cell in its high rate antibody secreting state

Question 18

Naive lymphocyte (A)

Answer 18

Inactivated cells in search of specific antigens

Naive T can only be activated by dendritic cells

Question 19

Memory lymphocytes (A)

Answer 19

After encountering an antigen, lymphocytes divide and some cells travel in the blood back to lymphatic organs

Question 20

Cytotoxic T cell (A)

Answer 20

Kill cells expressing a specific target

Question 21

T helper cells (A)

Answer 21

Inc. CD4

Recruit cells, stimulate inflammatory response, associated with autoimmunity