components of prokaryote Flashcards
describe the cell wall of a prokaryote
-comprises of peptidoglycan
-contains tiny pores that allow water, oxygen to go in and waste to go out
-is not a regulatory structure
what is peptidoglycan?
sugar component that contains N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid NAG NAM
bound together by a tetrapeptide chain
compare between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria cell wall
positive has a thick peptidoglycan layer, has teichoic acid that increases the rigidity of the cell wall
-stained purple
-susceptible to penicilin
negative has an outer membrane (lipopolysaccharide: o poly, core poly, and lipids) and thin peptidoglycan layer occupying periplasmic space
-stained pink
-less susceptible to penicillin
what is the function of the prokaryote cell membrane and its composition?
it separates the cell’s contents from the surrounding fluid, composed of two layers of flexible lipid molecules (phospholipid which has a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail), interspersed with proteins
what is the composition of cytoplasm?
comprises about 65% water (favorable for many biochemical reactions), rest is made up of proteins, vitamins, and others.
differentiate between chromosomes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
in prokaryotes, singular circular chromosomes that lack histone proteins are found in the nucleoid, while in eukaryotes, chromosomes are found in the nucleus
what are the 9 parts of a prokaryote?
ribosome
flagella
capsule
cell wall
cell membrane
cytoplasm
plasmid
pili
nucleoid
what is the composition and function of the ribosome?
the only organelle that is located in the cytoplasm, the site of protein synthesis, have 2 subunits (large 30s and small 50s = 70s ribosome) which assemble during synthesis
what are the types and functions of flagellum?
for locomotion and acts as a sensory unit to choose to move to a more favorable environment
types of flagella arrangement
monotrichous - singular at the back
lophotrichous - many at the back
amphitrichous - singular at both ends
peritrichous - many all around
what is the composition and function of the capsule?
a thick covering of the cell wall that protects white blood cells, chemicals, and dehydration
-its sticky nature allows it to adhere to other cells or surfaces
the slime layer is closely associated with the bacteria while the capsule is tightly attached
what is the composition and function of pili
hair-like projections surrounding the outer layer of the cell, which enables bacteria to stick to surfaces or latch onto other cells
-connects the donor with f plasmid with another recipient without f plasmid
what is the composition and function of plasmid, especially f plasmid
smaller circular double-stranded DNA, able to replicate autonomously, can be single or multiple copies, contains certain genes beneficial to the bacteria such as antibiotic resistance
f plasmid - contains genes that code for sex pilus and enzymes required for conjugation
