Components of Computer Sys (1) Flashcards
is a case that contains electronic components of the computer used to process data
system unit
The inside of the system unit on a desktop personal computer includes (6):
- Drive bays
- Powersupply
- Sound card
- Video card
- Processor
- Memory
the main circuit board of the system unit
Motherboard
contains integrated circuits
computer chip
also called the central processing unit (CPU), interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer
Processor
two things in a processor
- control unit
2. ALU (arithmetic logic unit)
three types of processor
- Dual-core processor
- Multi-core processor
- Quad-core processor
component of the processor that directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer
control unit
performs arithmetic, comparison, and other operations
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
For every instruction, a ___ repeats a set of four basic operations, which comprise a machine cycle
processor
Steps in a Machine Cycle
- Control unit fetches math problem’s instructions and data from memory
- Control unit decodes math problem’s instructions and sends to ALU
- ALU performs calculations on data
- Results of calculation is stored in memory
Processor begins fetching a second instruction before it completes the machine cycle for the first instruction
Pipelining
leading manufacturers of personal computer processor chips are?
Intel and AMD
Memory size is measured in?
kilobytes (KB or K), megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), or terabytes (TB)
[T or F] Each location in memory has an address
True
system unit contains two types of memory:
- Volatile memory
2. Non-volatile memory
Loses its contents when power is turned off; RAM
volatile memory
Does not lose contents when power is removed; flash memory, ROM
non-volatile memory
Three basic types of RAM chips exist:
- Dynamic RAM (DRAM)
- Static RAM (SRAM)
- Magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM)
RAM chips usually reside on a ___ and are inserted into ___.
memory module, memory slots
speeds the processes of the computer because it stores frequently used instructions and data
memory cache
is a blank ROM chip that can be written to permanently
PROM (programmable read-only memory) chip
is any data and instructions entered into the
memory of a computer
input
series of related instructions that tells a computer what
tasks to perform and how to perform
them
program
is an instruction a user
issues by replying to a question
displayed by a program
User response
[T or F] Programs don’t respond to commands that are user issues
False
is any hardware component that allows users to enter data and instructions into
a computer
input device
is an input device that contains keys
users press to enter data and instructions into a computer
keyboard
how many keys are mostlyn in keyboards?
between 101 - 105
Most desktop computers have (6):
- between 101 - 105 keys
- application key
- windows key
- toggle keys
- numeric keypad sa right side
- function keys
also known as the cursor, is a symbol on the screen that indicates where the next character you type will appear
insertion point
two ways to connect wireless keyboards into computers
- bluetooth
2. IrDA
incorporates comfort, efficiency, and
safety into the design of the workplace
Ergonomics
an input device that allows a user to control a pointer on a screen
pointing device
small symbol on the screen that changes based on where the user hover this with the use of pointing device
pointer
pointing device that fits under the palm of your hand comfortably
mouse
3 other pointing devices:
- trackball
- touchpad
- pointing stick
stationary pointing device with a ball on its top or side
trackball
small square or rectangular shaped pointing device that is sensitive to touch and pressure
touchpad
pressure-sensitive pointing device shaped like a pencil eraser positioned between keys on the keyboard
pointing stick
touch-sensitive display device
touch screen
With ____, you touch a stylus or digital pen on a flat surface to write, draw, or make selections
pen input
Video games and computer games use a ___ as the input device that directs movements and actions of on-screen objects
game controller
A ____ is a mobile device that allows
users to take pictures and store them digitally
digital camera
3 types of digital camera:
- field camera
- studio camera
- point-and-shoot camera
2 factors affect the quality of digital camera photos:
- resolution
2. no. of bits stored in each pixel
The number of horizontal nd vertical pictures in a display device
resolution
the smallest element in an electronic display
pixel
[T or F] The LESSER bits used to represent a pixel,
the more colors and shades of gray that
can be represented
False
process of entering input by speaking into a microphone
voice input
is the computer’s capability of distinguishing spoken words
Voice recognition
The process of entering any sound
into the computer
audio input
allows users to record, compose, mix, and edit music and sounds
Music production software
The process of capturing full-motion images and
storing them on a computer’s storage medium
video input
Record video on a ___ or use a ___ to convert analog signals to digital
digital video (DV) camera, video capture card
steps of using a video input
- record with a dv camera or use a memory card
- plug the cord of camera into the port of the computer
- transfer videos and images
is a type of digital video camera that
enables a user to: capture images and videos, send email with vid attachments, add live img in instant messages, broadcast live images, and make video calls
web cam
is a type of digital video camera that
enables a user to: capture images and videos, send email with vid attachments, add live img in instant messages, broadcast live images, and make video calls
web cam
is a meeting between two or more geographically separated people
video conference
4 examples of scanners and reading devices
- flatbed
- pen or handheld
- sheer-fed
- drum
involves reading characters from ordinary documents
Optical character recognition (OCR)
a document you return to the company that creates and sends it
turnaround document
reads hand-drawn marks such as small circles or rectangles; scans the documents and matches the patterns of light
Optical mark recognition (OMR)
uses radio signals to communicate with a tag placed in or attached to an object
RFID (radio frequency identification)
reads information on the tag via radio waves
RFID reader
read the magnetic stripe on the back of cards
Magnetic stripe card readers
read text printed with magnetized ink; used by banks for check processing
MICR (magnetic ink character recognition) devices
converts MICR characters into a form the computer can process
MICR reader
obtain data directly at the location where the
transaction or event takes place; used in restaurants, groceries, warehouses etc.
data collection devices
authenticates a person’s identity by verifying a personal characteristic
biometrics
computer that allows users to send data to
and/or receive information from a host computer
terminal
records purchases, processes, payments and updates inventory
POS terminal
allows users to access their bank accounts
ATM (Automated Teller Machine)
self service DVD rental machine
DVD Kiosk
3 examples of biometric input
- fingerprint reader
- iris recognition system
- hand geometry system
