components of a balanced diet - energy for life Flashcards
carbohydrates
what food source
what function
bread, potatoes, rice, cereals & fruit
fuel for respiration
store of energy
proteins
what food source
what function
meat, eggs, fish, quinoa & quorn
growth and repair of cells and tissues
fuel for respiration
lipids (fats)
what food source
what function
butter, cooking oil, cream & avocados
store of energy
thermal (and electrical) insulation
fuel for respiration
the most common substrate is the carbohydrate ______
glucose
glucose is stored as _____ in plants
starch
glucose is stored as ________ in animals
glycogen
energy is measured in
kilojoules (kJ)
how do you measure the amount of energy in food
by burning it and seeing how much heat energy is released
energy content of a food sample practical:
measure 25cm3 of water
pour into boiling tube
record starting temp
food is lit over bunsen burner
hold food under boiling tube to heat it
(if food stops burning relight it)
relight until food no longer burns
measure finishing temp of water
calculate the temp change
iron
what food source
what function
deficiency disease
red meat, liver & spinach
forms the part of haemoglobin which binds to oxygen
anaemia
calcium
what food source
what function
deficiency disease
milk and dairy products, fish & fresh vegetables
needed to form bones and teeth
rickets
vitamin A
what food source
what use in body
deficiency effect
fish liver oil, liver, butter & carrots
making a chemical in the retina and also protects the surface of the eye
night blindness & damaged cornea
vitamin C
what food source
what use in body
deficiency effect
fresh fruit & vegetables
needed for cells and tissues to stick together
scurvy
vitamin D
what food source
what use in body
deficiency effect
dairy products & lily fish
needed to absorb Calcium and Phosphate ions from food
rickets - caused by weak bones
water is ?
it is used for ?
is crucial for ?
an essantial solvent (allows things to be dissolved into it)
it is used to transport the components of blood (substances in blood plasma)
regulating temp
is crucial for temp regulation
fibre is ?
mainly made of ?
helps what ?
prevents ?
is a plant material that you can’t digest
it is mainly a chemical called cellulose
- (found in cell wall of plants)
helps the movement of food through the intestine
preventing constipation and bowel cancer
protein ——>
protein —(pepsin)—>
(peptides) —(trypsin)—> amino acids
carbohydrates ——>
carbohydrates —(amylase)—> (maltose) —(maltase)—> glucose
lipids ——>
lipids —(lipase)—> glycerol & fatty acids
what enzyme breaks down protein into peptides
what enzyme breaks down peptides amino acids
protease: pepsin
pepsin is made in the stomach
protease: trypsin
trypsin is made in the pancreas
what enzyme breaks down carbohydrates into maltose
what enzyme breaks down maltose into glucose
carbohydrase: amylase
amylase is made in pancreas and salivary glands
carbohydrase: maltase
maltase is made in pancreas
what enzyme breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol
