Components Flashcards
IO-Link Master
Gateways for the connection of up to eight IO-Link devices including sensors, valves or binary input/output modules.
Photoelectric Sensor
A device that detects the presence or absence of an object by emitting a light beam and then measuring the amount of light reflected back to a receiver.
Angular Reflector
A specialized type of reflector, designed to reflect electromagnetic waves back towards their source at a specific angle.
I/O-Link
Allows for both sending commands to sensors/actuators and receiving detailed data from them by using point-to-point connection meaning that each device communicates directly with a single master device.
Incremental Encoder
A type of encoder device that converts angular motion or position of a shaft into an analog or digital code to identify position or motion.
Encoder Wheel
A glass, patterned disc or strips that translate a mechanical position into a representative electrical signal when used with incremental or absolute encoders.
PLC
Programmable Logic Controller
Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) Panel
A steel box that contains the electrical components needed to control and automate industrial machinery and processes.
Divert/Junction Box
An enclosure used to connect multiple electrical wires together, allowing the electrical current to be diverted or branched off to different parts of a circuit.
Photoeye Array Emitter
The light-emitting component of a photoelectric sensor array.
Photoeye Array Reciever
A component of a specialized photoelectric sensor that consists of multiple light-sensitive elements arranged in an array, allowing it to detect the presence or position of an object by analyzing the pattern of light received from a corresponding light emitter array.
Retroreflective Photoeye
A type of photoelectric sensor that uses a dedicated reflector to bounce a light beam back to the sensor, allowing it to detect objects by interrupting that reflected beam.
Direct Current (DC) Encoder
Used for speed control feedback in DC motors where an armature or rotor with wound wires rotates inside a magnetic field created by a stator.
Pulse Encorder
A device that generates pulses to determine an object’s position, speed, direction, or count.
Keyed Limit Switch
A type of safety interlock switch that requires a physical key to be inserted and turned in order to activate the switch.
In-Line Splitter
A device, usually called an “AC line splitter,” which allows you to separate the hot, neutral, and ground wires of a standard power outlet.
Multiport
A device with multiple ports.
Resistor
An electrical component that limits or regulates the flow of electrical current in an electronic circuit.
Capacitor
A circuit component that temporarily stores electrical energy through distributing charged particles on (generally two) plates to create a potential difference.
Inductor
A passive electronic component that stores electrical energy in a magnetic field when an electric current flows through it.
Diode
A two terminal semiconductor device that allow electric current to pass in one direction while blocking it in the reverse direction.
Relay
An electrically operated switch that opens, closes, or changes the path of current flow.
Transistor
A semiconductor device that controls the flow of electrical power and signals by amplifying or switching them.
Polarized Capacitor
A type of capacitor that has specific positive and negative polarities and must be connected in a certain direction in a circuit.
Non-Polarized Capacitor
A type of capacitor that does not have polarity and can be placed in any direction.
Air Core Inductor
An inductor without a magnetic core, but rather unsupported with only air inside of the coil.
Iron Core Inductor
An inductor where the coil of wire is wrapped around a magnetic core made of iron.
Ferrite Core Inductor
An inductor where the coil of wire is wound around a core made of ferrite, a magnetic material with high permeability and low electrical conductivity.
Variable Core Inductor
An inductor that lets the user control the inductance by changing the position of its ferrite core.
Photodiode
A semiconductor diode that consumes light energy to produce an electric current.
Switching Diode
Acts as a switch to turn a circuit on and off.
Light-Emitting Diode (LED)
A semiconductor device that produces light when an electric current flows through it.
Integrated Circuit
An electronic circuit built on a semiconductor wafer, a thin slice of semiconductor material.
Circuit / Current Breaker
An electrical safety device that automatically interrupts the flow of electricity in a circuit when it detects excessive current, protecting against damage from overloads or short circuits.
Single-Pole Circuit Breaker
Protect one energized wire.
Double-Pole Circuit Breaker
Protect two energized wires.
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) Circuit Breakers
Cut power to the entire circuit when tripped.
Arc Fault Circuit Interrupter (AFCI) Circuit Breaker
Protects against an unintentional electrical discharge in an electrical cord or wiring by instantly disconnecting the damaged circuit before the arc builds enough heat to catch fire.
Combination Arc Fault Circuit Interrupter (CAFCI) Circuit Breaker
Protect against both arc faults and ground faults.
Amp Circuit Breaker
An electrical safety device that automatically stops the flow of electricity when the current in a circuit exceeds its amperage rating.
Circuit Card/ Circuit Card Assembly (CCA)
A flat board with conductive paths etched into it.
Operator Interface Panel (OIP) Circuit Card Assembly
A circuit board built to integrate optical components for advanced data transmission applications.
Brushless Driver Circuit Card Assembly
A printed circuit board (PCB) that contains all the necessary electronic components to control a brushless DC motor.
Blown Circuit Relay
A relay that has failed because of an overload situation, similar to how a blown fuse would indicate a circuit failure.
Isolation Circuit Card Assembly
A circuit board with built-in isolation mechanisms to separate different parts of the electrical system on the board.
Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (MOS)
A compound with oxygen molecules that can interact with volatile compounds.
Interlocks
Isolates power and stops moving parts when a gate, door, or panel is opened.
Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)
Supplies provide backup power, protecting equipment from damage in the event of grid power failure.
Audiovisual Indicator (AVI)
A device that provides both visual and audible warnings.
Variable Frequency Drive (VFD)
An electronic device that controls the speed, torque, and direction of an AC induction or synchronous motor.
Closed Circuit Television (CCTV)
A video surveillance system that uses cameras to send signals to a limited number of monitors.
Transformer
An electrical device that takes a given input voltage and changes it to a different output voltage.
Potentiometer
A device used to both adjust voltage output to a circuit, and accurately measure (or meter) electric potential.
Transducer
A device that converts a physical quantity, like pressure, temperature, or light, into an electrical signal.
Cable
Made up of one or more wires that are bundled together or run side by side, and are used to carry electrical current.
Terminal Block
A modular, insulated connector that secures two or more wires together.
Solid State Relays (SSR)
Power efficient, no moving parts used for switching use semiconductor components.
Sensors
Devices that get input from the changes in the physical environment and give output to other electronic devices.
Motor
A device that converts electrical power into mechanical power.
Horsepower (HP) Motor
A motor that is rated in horsepower (hp), which is a unit used to measure the power output of an engine or motor.
Alternating Current (AC) Motor
Converts the alternating current into mechanical power using electromagnetic induction.
Direct Current (DC) Motor
Converts the DC power into mechanical power.
Synchronous Motor
Speed of the motor is synchronized with the AC frequency.
Induction Motor
Runs at an asynchronous speed.
Ethernet Cable
A physical cable used to connect devices like computers, routers, and printers to a local area network (LAN), essentially “hardwiring” them to the internet by providing a direct wired connection for data transfer between devices.
Receptacle Cable
An electrical cable that is specifically designed to be plugged into a wall outlet.
Tee Cable
A cable that has a “tee connector” attached, which is a type of electrical connector shaped like a “T” that allows you to split a single cable into two separate branches.
Parameter Unit Cable
A cable where its specifications and properties are defined by specific parameters, such as conductor size, insulation type, shielding level, and overall jacket material.
Transmitter Cable
Carries the measured data from the sensor to the receiving device.
High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) Cable
Used for connecting audio-video devices, such as TVs, computer monitors, and Blu-ray players.
Terminator Cable
Used to close an open end of a cable and form an endpoint for a signal.
Frame Grabber Cable
A computer accessory that usually takes the form of an electronic circuit board that plugs into the motherboard of a Personal Computer.
Servo Amplifier
A device that powers electronic servomechanisms, like servo motors, by converting command signals into a format that the motor can understand.
Busbar
A thick conductor used for local high current power distribution. Busbars are often housed inside switchgear, panel boards, and busway enclosures.
Switchgear
A metal enclosure that controls and protects electrical equipment by regulating the flow of electrical current.
Input/ Output (I/O) Buffer Multiport
A hardware component that allowing for multiple independent data streams to be managed through a single interface.
Thermal Switch
A device that opens and closes electrical contacts in response to temperature changes.
Square Wave Encoder
An incremental sensor with output signals in the form of square waves.
Splitter
A passive device that separates a single input signal into multiple output signals:
Bus Coupler
A device which is used to couple one bus to the other without any interruption in power supply and without creating hazardous arcs.
Dual Inline Package (DIP) Switch
Miniature switches that are mounted onto PCBs and used to make settings on electronic devices.
Printed Circuit Board (PCB)
Forms a circuit inside a device.
Auxiliary Contacts
Switches that are added to electrical control devices to increase the number of input and output connections.
Cable Gland Plate
A panel that allows cables to be inserted into an enclosure without letting moisture in.
Electrical Receptacle (Outlet)
A socket or fitting that provides a place to plug in electrical devices and draw power from an electrical circuit.
Solenoid
A device comprised of a coil of wire, the housing and a moveable plunger (armature).
Universal Serial bus (USB)
Device used to transfer data and power between devices, and is commonly found in computers, smartphones, tablets, and cameras.
Serial Data Transmission
The process of sending data over a communication channel or computer bus one bit at a time.
Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)
A type of tiny computer that can receive data through its inputs and send operating instructions through its outputs.
PLCs are solid-state devices, which means they do not have any moving parts. True or false?
True
Fieldbus
A local area network (LAN) that connects devices like sensors, actuators, and controllers to a control computer.
Fieldbus Coupler
A device used to connect instruments to the fieldbus.
Rotor
A rotating part of a machine that transmits mechanical power or interacts with a magnetic field to produce motion or electrical power.
Stator
Creates a magnetic field that interacts with the rotor to generate motion or induce electrical current.
Armature
A revolving structure in an electric motor or generator, wound with the coils that carry the current.
Buffer Muliport
The buffer function within the multiport memory temporarily stores data, helping to manage data flow and prevent bottlenecks when multiple devices are accessing the same memory location.
Controller Area Network (CAN)
A vehicle bus standard designed to enable efficient communication primarily between electronic control units (ECUs).
Electronic Control Units (ECUs)
Devices that control the electrical equipment of a vehicle or other machine.
Pin
A small metal terminal or contact on an electronic component.
Universal Serial Bus (USB-C) Cable
A connector for transmitting both data and power on a single cable that can supports 100 watts and 20 volts.
Phase
The current or voltage between an existing wire and a neutral wire.
Frequency
The number of times alternating current (AC) switches between positive and negative voltage in one second.
Thermocouple
A device that measures temperature by creating an electric current when the junction of two different metals is heated or cooled.
Electrical Circuit
A complete path where electrons can from one end of the electrical source, through the conductors and electrical components, and back to the other end of the source.
Power
The time rate at which work is done measured in Watts.
Work
Pertains to the energy force that causes movement.
Magnet
A material or substance that has the power to attract other materials or substances.
Battery
A DC voltage source consisting or one or more cells that convert chemical energy into electrical energy.
Generator
Coverts mechanical (rotating) energy into electrical energy.
Fixed Resistor
Value does not change within the circuit regardless of what happens.
Variable Resistor
Resistance may be altered within manufacture range.
Fixed Capacitor
Has a specific unchanging capacitance built-in during manufacturing.
Variable Capacitor
Can be changed in capacitance while it is installed within an electrical circuit.
Coil
Wire wound around a core.
Multipurpose Transformer
Transfers voltage at 2 or more levels simultaneously.
Switch
An electrical or mechanical device that closes, opens, or changes the path of current flow.
Single-Pole-Single-Throw (SPST)
Two terminal switch that opens or closes one path of current flow.
Single-Pole-Double-Throw (SPDT)
Three terminal switch that connects one terminal to either of the two other terminals.
Double-Pole-Single-Throw (DPST)
Four terminals used to connect or disconnect a pair of the two terminals, ganged together within the switch construction.
Double-Pole-Double-Throw (DPDT)
Six terminals used to connect a pair of these six terminals to either of the two other pairs.
Microswitch
Special purpose highly sensitive switch that is spring-loaded into a preset position.
Limit Switch
Mechanically operated contact-making or breaking device mounted in the path of a moving object and activated by its passage.
Time Delay Switch
Switch used to control an event based on time.
Pushbutton (PB)
A small button or knob that, when pressed, operates a mechanism.
Fuse
A safety device that contains a thin strip of metal that melts when the current exceeds a certain level, breaking the circuit and stopping the flow of electricity.
Series Circuit
A simple setup where components like bulbs, resistors, or batteries are connected end-to-end, forming a single pathway for electric current to flow.
Parallel Circuit
A circuit having more than one current path connected to a common voltage source and must contain two or more load resistances that are not connected in series.
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI)
Senses the difference in the amount of current flowing into a circuit to that flowing out and will trip or shut off the circuit.
Rectifier
An electrical device used to convert alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC) by allowing a current to flow through the device in one direction only.
Wye Connection
The connection of transformer to form a “Y” configuration. “Y” connections can be made by connecting either the even terminals or the odd terminals together.
Buzzer/Beeper
Generates a sound from an incoming electrical signal.
Panel Ground Stud
A metal bolt or stud located within an electrical panel that serves as a designated point to attach a grounding wire, allowing excess electrical current to safely flow into the ground in case of a fault, effectively protecting against electrical shock.
Jumper
A short length of conductor, usually made of copper, that connects two or more points in an electrical circuit.
Neutral / Common (Com)
A wire that is connected to a neutral point in a circuit, essentially acting as a return path for the electrical current.
USB Flash Drive
A small external flash drive that can be used with any computer that has a USB port.
Boot Flash Drive
A normal USB memory stick that has been enabled to install an operating system.
Security Flash Drive
Fortified with physical or logical security ways to ensure that the data is not compromised.
Microcontroller
A small computers used to control a multitude of devices, such as power tools, remote controls, medical equipment and office machines.
Microprocessor
A single semiconductor chip that integrates the main five functional units of a computer: arithmetic/logical, control, storage, input, and output.
Test Leads (Alligator Clips)
Used for connecting components together to test a circuit without the need for soldering.
Light-Dependent Resistor (LDR)
A variable resistor that is controlled by the light versus turning a knob.
Battery Snap-on Connector
A type of electrical connector that allows users to easily connect and disconnect batteries.
Soldering Iron
A hand tool that plugs into a standard 120v AC outlet and heats up in order to melt solder around electrical connections.
Oscillator
A device that is used to generate signals, control frequency, and provide timing.
Central Processing Unit (CPU) / Processor
A computer’s brain, is the workhorse of the machine.
Motherboard
Circuit board that lets other components communicate.
Power Supply
Powers all other components of the machine.
Random-Access Memory (RAM)
Temporary memory, its contents are lost if the machine loses power.
Solid-State Drive (SSD)
A type of computer storage device that uses integrated circuit assemblies to store data persistently.
Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
Consists of several spinning platters with an arm that physically writes data to the disk.
Nonvolatile Memory Express (NVMe)
A storage access and transport protocol for flash and next-generation solid-state drives (SSDs) that delivers the highest throughput and fastest response times yet for all types of enterprise workloads.
Video Card
A dedicated unit for handling the output of images to a display.
Video Graphics Array (VGA) Port
A video input that is primarily used on PC monitors.
Network Interface Card (NIC)
Allows a computer to communicate over a network and access the Internet with an Ethernet cable or through a wireless connection.
Graphics Card
A chip-based device that processes graphical data and often functions as an extension to the main CPU.
Optical Drive
A device enables the computer to read and interact with nonmagnetic external media, play movies and music.
Expansion Slot
Port used to add various hardware components to the computer, like a new video card, network card, modem, sound card, etc.
Terminal
A single connection point on a device where a wire can be attached.
Shaft Encoder
A sensor that measures the rotation of a shaft and sends that information to a control system.
Logger
A specialized device called a “data logger” which continuously monitors and records various electrical parameters like voltage, current, power consumption, and other relevant data over a period of time.
Wire Jacket
The outer covering of a cable that protects the inner components from damage.
