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Electricity & Electronics > Basic Electricity > Flashcards

Basic Electricity Flashcards

1
Q

Matter

A

Anything that occupies space and may be in the form of solid, liquid, or gas and can be reduced into elements.

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2
Q

Atomic Structure of Matter

A

Basic structure of all materials.

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3
Q

Element

A

Cannot be broken down or changed into another substance by chemical means.

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4
Q

Atom Particle

A

The smallest unit of an element that can still be identified.

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5
Q

Nucleus

A

The central body of the atom.

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6
Q

Neutrons

A

Particles that do not have a charge.

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7
Q

Protons

A

Positively charged particles.

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8
Q

Electrons

A

Negatively charged particles.

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9
Q

Particles of the ___ charge repel

A

same

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10
Q

Particles of the ___ charge attract.

A

opposite

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11
Q

Protons and neutrons contribute to the ___ of an element.

A

atomic weight

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12
Q

When an atom has an equal number of protons and neutrons, the atom is considered neutral. True or false?

A

True

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13
Q

Compound

A

The result of two or more different chemically combined elements.

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14
Q

Molecule

A

The smallest physical unit of a compound.

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15
Q

Mixture

A

The result of elements or compounds combining without a chemical reaction.

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16
Q

Is Oxygen a compound or an element?

A

element

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17
Q

Is water a compound or an element?

A

Compound because 1 oxygen atom + 2 hydrogen atoms = H2O

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18
Q

Electron Obit/Shell

A

The outside part of an atom around the atomic nucleus containing a specific number of electrons.

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19
Q

When an atom loses electrons, it becomes…

A

positively charged

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20
Q

When an atom gains electrons, it becomes…

A

negatively charged

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21
Q

Current Flow

A

The movement of electrons from one atom to another.

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22
Q

Potential Energy

A

The stored energy in an object due to its position, properties, and forces acting on it.

23
Q

Difference in Potential

A

The difference in the amount of energy that charge carriers have between two points in a circuit.

24
Q

Electromagnetic Force (EMF)

A

A type of physical interaction that occurs between electrically charged particles.

25
Q

Friction

A

A force that resists the motion of one object against another.

26
Q

Pressure (Piezoelectricity)

A

Voltage is produced by squeezing or pressurizing crystals of certain substances.

27
Q

Heat (Thermoelectricity)

A

Created using a thermocouple.

28
Q

Light (Photoelectricity)

A

Voltage is produced by light striking photo sensitive substances.

29
Q

Chemical Action

A

Voltage is created or produced by a chemical reaction in a battery cell.

30
Q

Magnetism

A

Voltage is produced in a conductor when the conductor moves through a magnetic field or when a magnetic field move through the conductor in a way that cuts the lines of forces of the magnetic field.

31
Q

Three conditions must exist before voltage can be produced:

A

Must be a conductor with a complete path in which the voltage will be produced
A magnetic field
Relative motion between the magnetic field and the conductor.

32
Q

Resistance

A

Opposition to the current flow.

33
Q

Electron Current Flow

A

Electrical current flows out of the negative terminal of the battery, through the circuit and back to the positive terminal of the battery.

34
Q

An electric circuit needs three ingredients:

A

Voltage source
Complete path for current flow
Load of resistance

35
Q

Electromagnetism

A

Current carrying conductors are surrounded by a magnetic field.

36
Q

Capacitance

A

The capacity of a material objects or device to store electric charge.

37
Q

How does a transformer work?

A

When a current is applied to the primary coil, a magnetic field is established around it which is cut by windings of the secondary coil. It then induces a current and voltage in the secondary coil or windings of the transformer. Inducted voltage is proportional to the ration of turns of the wire in the two coils.

38
Q

Kirchhoff’s Law Current Law

A

The sum of all of the currents flowing into a junction, node or point in a circuit must be equal to the sum of all the currents flowing away from the junction, node or point.

39
Q

Kirchhoff’s Law Voltage Law

A

The sum of all the voltage (differences of potential) rises in a complete circuit must be equal to the sum of all the voltage drops in the same closed-circuit.

40
Q

NO

A

Normally Open

41
Q

NC

A

Normally Closed

42
Q

Resistance in a Series Circuit

A

RT = R1 + R2 + R3 + … RN

43
Q

Current Flow in a Series Circuit

A

If you know the current flowing through one component, then you know the total current for the circuit.

44
Q

Voltage Drop

A

The decrease in voltage that occurs when an electric current passes through a circuit, from the source to the load.

45
Q

Series DC Circuits

A

RT = R1 + R2 + R3 + … RN

46
Q

Total power delivered to a circuit by the power source must equal the sum of the individual power dissipated by each component. True or false?

A

True

47
Q

Voltage in a Parallel Circuit

A

ET = ER1 = ER2 = ER3

48
Q

Current in a Parallel Circuit

A

Total current is distributed proportional among the branches depending on their individual resistances.

49
Q

Resistance in a Parallel Circuit

A

1/RT = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3

50
Q

Total circuit resistance in a parallel circuit will always be greater than the resistance of the branch containing the smallest resistance. True or false?

A

False, it will be less.

51
Q

ii. Kirchhoff’s Law of Electrical Current

A

The current approaching an electrical junction must be equal to the current leaving the junction

52
Q

Overcurrent

A

When an electrical current is higher than the intended amount in a conductor or device.

53
Q

Fault Current

A

An abnormal amount of electrical current that flows through an electrical system during an unintentional short circuit or partial short circuit.

54
Q

Overvoltage

A

A temporary or permanent increase in voltage that exceeds the design limit of a circuit or device.

Electricity & Electronics (12 decks)

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