component 6 Flashcards
what are the populations considered to be special ?
50+ yr adults, pre/post-natal woman, young people (14-16), the disabled
what does the pre-exercise screening for special people need to be?
COMPREHENSIVE
completed prior to exercise performance
any flags need to be checked by GPs and cleared as safe
*any client responding yes to the PAR-Q needs to be signposted to GP referral
at what age does a decline in fitness/health occur
normally this started at around 50yrs old (becomes very noticeable at 65 and older)
name some contradictions (to not allow) to exercise
unstable medical conditions , resting blood pressure greater than 180/90, resting HR over 100bpm, unexplained dizziness
what is the % droppage when the ageing process occurs
1-2%
name effects of ageing on the body systems
fewer fast twitch muscle fibres, smaller muscle fibres, sensory decline, cognitive decline, higher risk of osteoporosis, higher blood pressure, less elastic vessels, lower motor neurones
name some fitness potential considerations for the older generations
less muscle strength, muscle power, coordination, postural stability, MHR and increased fatigue
name a safety consideration for older generations
PRE-SCREENING (same as special populations groups)
outline the training guidelines for over50yr olds
warm up-
around 15mins, longer, gentle warm up, build ROM, posture focus, slower controlled movements
CV training-
intensity build up over time, lower working intensity, less impact, longer cool down duration
muscular training-
less resistance, less reps/sets and longer rest time, allow transition time, correct technique
cool down-
longer duration, more stretches for specific muscles, more stable positions, use smaller ROM
what must pre/postnatal woman need to sign before exercise or programmes
PARmedX form
what are some of the effects of pregnancy on the human body
VARY DEPENDING ON THE INDIVIDUAL but general effects=higher SV, HR, cardiac output, and 02 uptake
what should pregnant woman avoid when exercising
- exercising in supine position after 16weeks
- exercising to point of exhaustion
- prone lying positions
- heavy loads
- isometric exercising
- rapid changes to direction
- uncontrolled twisting
- ab exercises
usually how many weeks after birth, when can woman exercise again
6-8weeks
what should exercise sessions for post-natal women focus on?
- re-educate correct posture and joint alignment
- address muscle imbalances
- improve stability and motor skills
- improve transverse abdominal and pelvic floor muscle
when should women be referred to health professionals?
- stress incontinence
- ‘dragging’ pain in pelvic floor and lower ab region
- groin,lower back pain when walking
- ab weakness
how would a exercise session look for a post-natal women
-warm up
correct posture, slow/controlled movements, increased mobility exercises, use full ROM, support stretch positions
-CV exercises
low/mid intensity, low impact, slower tempo, shorter sessions (15mins for abnormal, 30mins for normal), user talk test for examining
-muscle fitness
pelvic floor muscles, no supine positions, lower reps/higer rest, less resistance exercises, no heavy ab exercise
-cool down
specific muscle relation work, no overstretching limbs, comfortable/passive stretch positions, shorter duration for stretch hold
define impairment
problem in the body function/structure
define activity limitation
difficulty encountered bu an individual in executing a task/action
define participation restriction
problem experienced by an individual in life situations
wheelchair users account for….if the disabled populations
6%
around 8-10million people in registered disabled populations suffer from
- full/partial blindness/deafness
- strokes
- heart attacks
- obestiy
- downsyndrome
- cancer
- HIV
- amputations
- cerebal palsy
what are progressive disorders
condition(s) worsen over time. careful monitoring needed to ensure programme does not worsen the condition
what is asymmetrical weakness
difference in strength between left/right sides of the body. Aim to improve affected side as much possible without neglecting the other side
what is spasticity
many physical disabilities present with spastic muscles that are very tight/rigid
what type of training in needed for spasticity
flexibility !!
neurological conditions
affect the CNS
-muscles become weaker due to decline in CNS functioning, can be offset on programme when working in general fitness levels, any rapid changes should be referred to a professional immediately
what is sensory nerve damage
inability to detect pressure against the skin can result in pressure sores (often in wheelchair users so frequent checks needed)
what is depression
a secondary condition resulting from physical and psychological challenges of being disabled.
-reduced energy levels, leads to dropping out of a gym programme, medication can have negative side effects eg. weight gain, suicide risk.
growth plate fractures
weakest point/growing point of skeleton
-injuries here account for 15% of all childhood fractures
what are preventative measures for growth place fractures
avoid excessive training, consider gender differences, avoid inappropriate sizing for paired activities, avoid static/high impact exercise, thorough warm up/cool down, finally, appropriate use of machinery.
what is flexibility
during growth spurts increased injury risk due to soft tissue around joints are already stretched, as muscle growth does not keep up with bone growth
what is limb length
in growth spurt young people disproportionately long limbs so biomechanically more out of balance
what is the issue with most gymnasium equipment ?
not designed for young people so the weight changes in weights are often too great for the younger generation to cope with
name some CV/cardiorespiritory considerations for the younger generations
- smaller heart chambers/volume = SV lower @ rest/exercise
- lower SV compensated by higher MHR, but cannot compensate for lower SV so lower cardiac output
- lower BP
- amount of ventilation required for each L of 02 higher
- VR difference higher so increased % of cardiac output goes to working muscles
at what age is anaerobic capacity fully developed?
20yrs old for boys and girls
why do young people need to be careful when exercising in heat?
in superior cooling systems so temp changes more suseptible to negative change if training because they expend more energy per kg of body weight than an adult during exercise
