Component 2 - The Areas Flashcards
What are the concepts and principles of the cognitive area?
- Cognitive psychology is the study of internal mental processes such as language, memory, perception and problem solving.
- The computer analogy takes a mechanist view and looks at how our minds work similarly to a machine, equating the way we function o machines. E.g. information processing.
What are the similarities between Grant et al.s study and Loftus and Palmer’s study?
- Both use lab experiments (high control)
- Both researched memory
- Both used independent measures design
- Both used opportunity sampling
- Both used quantitative data (validity)
- Both have standardised procedures (replicability)
- Both used undergraduate students as samples.
What are the differences between Loftus and Palmer’s study and Grant et al.s study?
- Loftus and Palmer had low population validity while Grant et al had high.
- Loftus and Palmer had low population validity while Grant et al had high.
- There was more potential for ethical issues in the Loftus and Palmer as witnessing car crashes my have caused psychological distress.
- There was less potential for ethical issues in the Grant study as students simply carried out tasks that they would on a normal day in an educational setting.
What are the concepts, principles and assumptions of the social area?
- Social psychology is the study of the influence of the attitudes, actions and mere presence of others (socail interactions with others.) We adapt our behaviour according to group/cultural norms and expectations.
- Behaviour is influenced by social and situational context we find ourselves in,(e.g. where we are, who we are with and what we are doing) influencing our behaviour.
- A key debate in psychology is whether individuals behaviour is a result of their personality (dispositional qualities) or the social situation they are in - this area supports the latter.
What are the similarities between Milgram and Bocchiaro et al.s studies?
- Both studies were ethnocentric.
- Both use standardised procedures - in Milgram’s study the same recordings were played and a fixed lottery was used. In Bocchiaro et al.s study, all participants were greeted by a stern experimenter.
What are the differences between Milgram and Bocchiaro et al.s study?
- The sample groups - Milgram’s does not use any students while Bocchiaro uses undergraduates.
- Milgram’s sample was androcentric while Bocchiaro’s was not.
- The sample size - Milgram’s used 40 while Bocchiaro’s used 149.
- Milgram used both types of data while Bocchiaro used both.
What are the similarites between Casey et al and Sperry’s studies?
Both are quasi experiments.
What are the differences between Sperry’s study and Casey et al.s?
- Casey’s was longitudinal while Sperry’s was a snapshot.
- Casey used an fMRI while Sperry used a powerpoint to flash images.
What are the concepts and principles of the individual differences area?
- All humans are different and it is important to consider the differences amongst people and how these affect behaviour.
- There is no such thing as the ‘average’ person
- Each of us has a unique set of life experiences which makes us different
- All humans are different and diverse in terms of age, personality. unique experiences, gender, culture etc.
What are the similarities between Freud and Baron Cohen’s studies?
- Both are quasi experiments, meaning they have naturally occurring IVs.
- Both used the self report method
Freud - Hans’ father reported on him
Baron Cohen - questions were asked - Both were ethnocentric
What are the differences between Freud and Baron Cohen’s studies?
- Freud’s was a longitudinal study while Baron Cohen’s was a snapshot study
- The sample - Freud only used one boy aged 5 while Baron Cohen had 3 groups of people.
- Baron Cohen’s supports psych as science while Freud does not.
- Freud had high ecological validity while Baron Cohen did not.
- Freud had low concurrent validity while Baron Cohen had high concurrent validity.
What are the concepts and principles of the developmental area?
- This area is interested in the psychological processes of development.
- Change and development is an ongoing process which continues throughout our lifetime.
- Behaviour can be learned (nurture) or it can be innate (biological/nature)
- Early experiences affect later development and this development may happen in pre-determined stages.
What are the similarities between Bandura’s study and Chaney et al.s study?
What are the differences between Bandura’s study and Chaney et al.s study?
