Component 1: Section B (Newspaper Industries & Audiences) Flashcards
1
Q
Facts about newspapers?
A
- been around since 17th century
- until 20th century (audio-visual broadcasting) was the primary means of bringing news to public
- do not have to be impartial> show political bias
- are largely self regulating> have a regulating body
2
Q
What did the newspaper have to do as a result of the decline in terms of print circulation?
A
They had to adapt and move online for survival
3
Q
Newspapers that are liberal? (Left wing)
A
- Daily Mirror
- The Guardian
- The Independent
- The Morning Star
- The Observer
4
Q
Newspapers that are conservative? (Right wing)
A
- Daily Mail
- The Sun
- The Times
- Daily Express
- Daily Telegraph
5
Q
Advantages of tabloid newspapers?
A
- popular press
- bold layout > pictures, colour on masthead, easy to read
- informal, colloquial language
- puns and jokes in headlines
- more focus on human interest stories, celebrity gossip
- advertising aimed at lower social groupings (C2DE)
- use of gimmicks (bingo games, free travel tickets, etc to attract readers)
6
Q
Advantages of broadsheet newspapers?
A
- ‘quality’ or ‘serious’ newspapers
- advertising aimed at higher social groupings (ABC1)
- more sophisticated and formal language in articles
- plainer layout (no colour on front page, smaller typeface, subtle)
- longer articles, more detailed
- serious headlines
- more focus on politics, international news
7
Q
What is meant by ‘gatekeeping’ ?
A
A term which is applied to the editing and filtering process where decisions are made to let some information ‘pass through’ to the receiver (audience) and other information remains barred.
8
Q
Some of the most important aspects of 1965 ‘News Worthiness’ pioneering list?
(NEWS VALUES)
A
- recency> less than 24 hrs
- proximity> consist of items that relate to nation with ref to ‘shared beliefs’
- threshold-must be of a certain size
- negativity> disrupts the ‘normal’
- unexpectedness
- personalisation
9
Q
What are the three main political parties in the UK?
A
Labour, conservative, liberal
10
Q
Context & ownership of The Times?
A
- A British National ‘quality’ newspaper first published in 1785. (Upmarket newspaper)
- Has been published by Times Newspapers since 1981, a subsidiary of News UK, wholly owned by News Corp (Rupert Murdoch’s company)
- Is famous for having a range of journalists with varied political viewpoints> allows newspaper to offer a more neutral political stance on issues (unbiased)
11
Q
History of The Times?
A
- Founded by John Walter in 1785> began as a 2-1/2 penny broadsheet> The Daily Universal Register
- initial function was to publicise a system of typography in which Walter was interested
- became the Times in 1788> publishing commercial news & notices, along with some scandal
- then passed to his son in 1803, expanding it from 4-12 pages (John Walter 11)
- then John Walter 111 took over in 1848 > laying foundations of the times reputation as Britain’s preeminent national journal & daily historical record
12
Q
Development of The Times?
A
- in 1814 newspaper was printed with a steam-powered press for the first time
- in 1848 the times used a rotary printing press with printing face wrapped around a cylinder for first time
- was printed in broadsheet for 219 years but switched to compact size in 2004> to appeal to more younger readers & commuters using public transport
- now adopted a tabloid format> kept values and content of the broadsheet
13
Q
Context & ownership of The Daily Mirror?
A
- founded by Alfred Harmsworth in 1903 as a newspaper for women
- it’s photo rich tabloid format consistently stressed sensational, human interest, personal types of stories & has politically independent stance
- it is a British National daily tabloid newspaper published in London that frequently has the largest circulation in Britain> has backed Labour Party in every election since 1945
- owned by parent company Reach PLC
14
Q
History of The Daily Mirror?
A
- was initially for women, run by women. Changed it to a more general pictorial newspaper in 1904 due to lack of success
- went down to 1/2 penny and succeeded> went to 1 penny in 1917
- was originally pitched to middle-class reader, but converted to working-class paper in 1934 > reach larger audience
- founded by Alfred Harmsworth who sold to his brother Harold in 1913
15
Q
Development of The Daily Mirror?
A
- printed in tabloid format> oldest surviving tabloid newspaper
- first issues carried advertisements on front page to find paper > publication transformed into a pictorial paper in 1904> name changed to ‘Daily Illustrated Mirror’
- Guy Bartholomew transformed publication into a left-wing paper for working class> after 1945 general election> maintained loyalty
