Component 1 - Human resources Deck Two , Motivation Flashcards
Explain : What is meant by motivation and 3 benefits of a
motivated workforce
Motivation in the workplace are the factors that contribute to an employee being productive
1) Increased productivity and efficiency
2) Higher quality work
3) Reduced absenteeism and turnover
Explain : Motivation Theories
F.W.Taylor (scientific management)
Scientific management breaks work down into smaller tasks and finds the most efficient way to complete it.
Then rewards employees monetarily for increased output.
Explain : Motivation Theories
E. Mayo (human relations)
The human relations theory of motivation, also known as the Hawthorne effect, suggests that social interactions, group dynamics, and a sense of belonging in the workplace are critical factors in motivating employees.
Explain : Motivation Theories
A. Maslow (hierarchy of needs)
Human needs are in a hierarchical order and that individuals are motivated to fulfil their needs at each level before moving on to the next. The five levels of needs are:
Basic Needs: The basic needs for survival, such as food, water, shelter, and warmth.
Security Needs: Protection from physical and emotional harm, as well as a sense of stability and predictability.
Belonging Needs: The need for human connection and a sense of belonging to a group or community.
Esteem Needs: The need for self-esteem and the esteem of others.
Self-actualization Needs: This level includes the need to reach one’s full potential.
Explain : Motivation Theories
F. Herzberg (two factor theory)
Herzberg proposes that there are two factors that affect job satisfaction and motivation:
hygiene factors and motivators.
1) Hygiene factors, the basic needs that must be met for an individual to be satisfied with their job Examples of hygiene factors include: salary, working conditions and company policies
2) Motivators, on the other hand, are the factors that create motivation. Examples of motivators include: recognition, achievement, growth, and responsibility.
Explain : Motivation Theories
L. Porter and E. Lawler (expectancy theories)
The behaviour of an employee is based on the combination of two factors
1 - Intrapersonal factors including personality, and the urge to learn and adapt
2 - Environmental factors include the working culture, team members, structure, etc.
The expectations of individuals are a major influencer of their behaviour in an organization that leads to the desired outcomes.
Explain : Financial methods of motivation -
- piece rate
- commission
- bonus
- salary
- profit sharing,
- share ownership
- performance-related pay
- piece rate
payment for each unit produced - commission
percentage of the sale value which is given to
the company sales person - bonus
an additional amount of money given to an employee to reward work - salary
a fixed amount of money given to an employee to reward labour on a yearly bases. - profit sharing
percentages of profit are shared with employees - share ownership
shares may be given to employees as a bonus if the company is publicly traded - performance-related pay
additional pay is given to employees based on level of performance
Explain :Non-financial methods of motivation
- job design
- job enlargement
- job rotation
- job enrichment
Job Design - Structuring jobs to be meaningful, challenging and rewarding to employees.
Job Enlargement - Increasing the variety of tasks an employee performs to make the job more interesting.
Job Rotation - Moving employees from one role to another to provide them with new experiences.
Job Enrichment - Giving employees more autonomy over their work to increase their sense of achievement and satisfaction.
Explain :Non-financial methods of motivation
- consultation
Consultation - Involving employees in decision making and providing opportunities for them to provide suggestions.
Explain :Non-financial methods of motivation
- team working
- flexible working
Team Working - Encouraging employees to work together and cooperate to achieve common goals, thereby fostering a sense of unity and teamwork.
Flexible Working - Offering employees flexible work arrangements, such as telecommuting, flexible hours, and job sharing, to accommodate their personal needs.
Explain : What is meant by management
management is the process of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling resources (people, finances, materials, equipment, etc.) to achieve organizational goals.
Explain : Functions and roles of management - The four categories;
- Planning
- Organising
- Leading
- Controlling
Planning - The process of setting goals and determining how to achieve them. This includes identifying opportunities, formulating strategies, and making decisions about how resources will be allocated to achieve the desired outcomes.
Organising - The process of arranging and coordinating resources (people, finances, materials, equipment, etc.) to achieve organisational goals. This includes designing and implementing systems, procedures, and processes to support the efficient and effective use of resources.
Leading - The process of directing, motivating, and inspiring employees to work together to achieve organisational goals. This includes creating a positive work environment, building teamwork and collaboration, and encouraging employee engagement and commitment.
Controlling - The process of monitoring and evaluating performance against goals, and making changes to ensure that goals are achieved. This includes setting performance standards, measuring performance, and taking corrective action when necessary.
Explain : D. McGregor’s theory X
Theory X - This theory assumes that employees are inherently lazy and need to be coerced or threatened in order to perform their work.
It assumes that employees do not take responsibility for their work and are not naturally motivated to contribute to the success of the organization.
Explain : D. McGregor’s theory Y
Theory Y - Employees are naturally motivated and want to be involved in their work.
It assumes that employees are capable of taking responsibility for their work and are willing to contribute to the success of the organisation.
Explain : what is meant by leadership
leadership is defined as the process of influencing and guiding others to achieve a common goal.
Explain : Different types of leadership styles
- Autocratic
- Democratic
- Paternalistic
- Bureaucratic
- Laissez-faire
Autocratic - This style is characterized by a top-down approach, where leaders make decisions without consulting others and dictate what is to be done. This style can be effective in situations where quick decisions are needed, but can be seen as restrictive and may lead to low morale and employee engagement.
Democratic - This style is characterized by a participative approach, where leaders consult with others and encourage input and involvement in decision-making. This style can foster a sense of ownership and commitment among employees and can lead to higher morale and engagement.
Paternalistic - This style is characterized by a supportive and nurturing approach, where leaders act as mentors and coaches to their subordinates. This style can be effective in developing and motivating employees, but can also lead to a dependency on the leader and limit opportunities for employee development.
Bureaucratic - This style is characterized by a strict adherence to rules and procedures. This style can be effective in ensuring consistency and fairness in decision-making, but can also be seen as inflexible and stifle innovation and creativity.
Laissez-faire - This style is characterized by a hands-off approach, where leaders delegate responsibilities and allow others to make decisions. This style can be effective in fostering employee autonomy and responsibility, but can also lead to confusion and lack of direction.
Explain : leadership theories.
- F. Fiedler (1976)
contingency theory of leadership - The effectiveness of a leader depends on the fit between the leader’s style and the situation.
Fiedler identified three key elements that influence the situational contingency of leadership:
- The leader-member relationship,
- The task structure,
- The position power of the leader.
According to Fiedler, the most effective leadership style will depend on the specific combination of these elements in a given situation.
Explain : leadership theories.
- P. Wright and D. Taylor (1984)
P. Wright and D. Taylor (1984):
leaders can inspire and motivate workers by creating a sense of purpose in the work environment.
Explain : The duties and rights of employers and employees
- contract of employment
- health and safety
- minimum wage
- dismissal
Contract of employment: The contract of employment is a legally binding agreement between the employer and the employee, and sets out the terms and conditions of employment. This contract outlines the duties and responsibilities of both the employer and the employee, as well as their rights and obligations. Key elements of the contract of employment may include job description, salary and benefits, working hours, and termination procedures.
Health and safety: Employers have a legal obligation to provide a safe and healthy work environment for their employees. This includes taking steps to minimize the risk of accidents and illnesses, providing appropriate safety equipment, and ensuring that employees receive regular health and safety training. Employees have a right to a safe and healthy work environment, and to be informed about any health and safety risks related to their job.
Minimum wage: Employers are legally obligated to pay their employees a minimum wage, which is set by the government. This minimum wage is designed to ensure that employees are paid fairly for their work, and to help prevent poverty and inequality. Employees have the right to receive the minimum wage for the hours they work, and to receive a wage increase if the minimum wage increases.
Dismissal: Employers have the right to dismiss an employee if they are not performing well or if they engage in conduct that is detrimental to the organization. However, they must follow a fair and legal process, and provide the employee with a reasonable opportunity to improve or correct their behaviour. Employees have the right to be treated fairly and with respect, and to not be dismissed unfairly or without just cause.
Explain : What is meant by equal opportunities
Equal opportunities refer to the concept of ensuring that all individuals, regardless of their race, gender, age, religion, or any other personal characteristic, are treated fairly and with equal respect
Evaluate : The impact of employer/employee relations, conflict
and resolution on a business and its stakeholders
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Evaluate : The Appropriateness of various financial
and non-financial methods of motivation”
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Evaluate : The impact of a motivated workforce on a business + stakeholders
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Evaluate : The advantages and disadvantages of
management by objectives (MBO)”
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