Complications of Pregnancy Flashcards
early hemorrhagic conditions most common in 1st half of pregnancy
abortion
ectopic pregnancy
hydatidiform mole
1 cause of maternal death
ectopic pregnancy
spontaneous abortion
-loss of pregnancy before viability (20 wks)
what is the leading cause of pregnancy loss and why
spontaneous abortion
- chances increase with advanced maternal age
- occurs in first 12 wks
reasons spontaneous abortion occurs
- severe congential anomalies (body will abort it)
- maternal infections/endocrine disorders/STIs
- immunologic (lupus)
- uterine or cervical defects
threatened abortion
abortion that may not happen but there is a risk
s/s of a threatened abortion
- vaginal bleeding
- cramps
- backache
- pelvic pressure
- increased B-hCG levels
- increased uterine size
inevitable abortion
an abortion that will happen
s/s of an inevitable abortion
- ruptured membrane
- cervical dilatation
- heavy bleeding
management of an inevitable abortion
- natural expulsion (baby will pass on their own)
- dilatation & vacuum curettage (D&C)
D&C
s/s of incomplete D&C
- cramping
- bleeding
incomplete abortion
partially retained products of conception
s/s of an incomplete abortion
- active bleeding
- severe abd cramping
management of incomplete abortion
- before 14 weeks: CV stabilization -> curettage -> uterotonic drugs
- after 14 weeks: oxytocin or prostaglandin
complete abortion
all products of conception are expelled from the uterus
management of complete abortion
no intervention needed unless there is excessive bleeding and infection
pt teaching with complete abortion
- report bleeding, pain, or fever
- abstain from intercourse for 3months
missed abortion
fetus dies in the 1st half of pregnancy
s/s of missed abortion
- early s/s of pregnancy disappear
- uterine growth halts and reduces in size
management of missed abortion in 1st trimester
D&C
management of missed abortion in 2nd trimester
prostaglandins (to give birth)
recurrent spontaneous abortion
3+ consecutive spontaneous abortions
reasons for recurrent spontaneous abortions
- genetic/chromosomal abnormalities (mom&dad may not be compatible with each other)
- reproductive tract anomalies
- hormones/immunologic factors
- systemic diseases
tx of recurrent spontaneous abortions
- antimicrobials
- hormone-related medications
- cerclage
- reproductive exam
nursing responsibilities for abortion
- hypovolemic shock
- IVF and blood products
- monitor VS & UO
- grief and loss
ectopic pregnancy
implantation outside of the uterus
risk factors for ectopic pregnancy
- decreased cilia
- fallopian tube scarring
- pelvic inflammation
- previous surgery
ectopic pregnancy at the distal end of the fallopian tube
- missed menses
- intermittent abd and pelvic pain
- vaginal spotting
- embryo may have been absorbed by body