Complications of FGM Flashcards
1
Q
Short term complications
A
Haemorrhage (5–62%),
Urinary retention (8–53%)
Genital swelling (2–27%)
Infection and fever
2
Q
Long term complications
A
- Genital scarring 3% women with keloids
- Inclusion cysts
- Urinary complications: mainly type 2 and type 3 - poor urinary flow, recurrent UTIs; urinary fistulas
- Dyspareunia, apareunia, vaginal lacerations
- Psycological sequelae: post traumatic stress, domestic violence
- Haematocolpos, dysmenorrhoea
- Infections and PID (BV and Herpes type 2)
- Infertility
- Hep B/HIV
3
Q
Obstetric complications of FGM in Africa
A
- Stillbirth
- Fistula formations
- Neonatal death
4
Q
Female genital mutilation act 2003 and 2005
A
- FGM is illegal unless it is a surgical operation on a girl or woman irrespective of her age:
(a) which is necessary for her physical or mental health; or
(b) she is in any stage of labour, or has just given birth, for purposes connected with the labour or birth. - It is illegal to arrange, or assist in arranging, for a UK national or UK resident to be taken overseas for the purpose of FGM.
- It is an offence for those with parental responsibility to fail to protect a girl from the risk of FGM.
- If FGM is confirmed in a girl under 18 years of age (either on examination or because the patient or parent says it has been done), reporting to the police is mandatory and this must be within 1 month of confirmation.
5
Q
What type of FGM is genital piercing?
A
Type IV
6
Q
Gynaecological complications
A
- type 3 with narrowing of the vagina might make it impossible to pass a speculum for a smear of to perform procedures like STOP
- if appropriate de-infubilation should be offered prior to pregnancy or even prior to the first sexual intercourse
