Complete Final study guide Flashcards
What is an Information System?
A system that collects, processes, stores, and distributes information.
Supports decision-making, coordination, control, analysis, and visualization in an organization.
What are the three dimensions of an Information System?
- Technology (hardware, software, databases)
- People (IT professionals, users)
- Organizations (hierarchy, business processes, culture)
What is one business driver of Information Systems related to globalization?
Businesses operate 24/7 across borders; IS supports communication and coordination.
How does Information Systems contribute to Operational Excellence?
IS improves efficiency and productivity (e.g., Walmart using IS to manage supply chains).
Name a new product or service enabled by Information Systems.
- Netflix
- Uber
What role do Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems play?
They track customer preferences and enhance supplier coordination.
What is the Technical perspective of Information Systems?
Focuses on the hardware, software, networks, and data management technology.
What does the Behavioral perspective of Information Systems examine?
Psychological, economic, and sociological perspectives of IS within organizations.
What are Complementary Assets in relation to Information Systems?
IS must be combined with:
* Business processes
* Supportive culture
* Managerial practices
* Training & organizational investments
What is the Sociotechnical Systems View?
Best performance comes from jointly optimizing both the social and technical systems.
What are the fields contributing to Information Systems?
- Computer Science
- Management Science
- Operations
- Psychology
- Sociology
What is a Business Process?
A set of logically related tasks and behaviors for accomplishing work (e.g., fulfilling an order).
What does a Transaction Processing System (TPS) do?
Handles day-to-day operations (e.g., sales order entry).
What is a Management Information System (MIS)?
Provides reports based on TPS data.
What is the purpose of a Decision Support System (DSS)?
Supports complex decisions using modeling and analytics.
What is an Executive Support System (ESS)?
High-level overviews, KPIs, dashboards for executives.
What is an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system?
Integrates business processes into a single system (e.g., SAP, Oracle).
What is the difference between E-business and E-commerce?
E-business encompasses all aspects of running a business online, while E-commerce specifically refers to buying and selling activities.
What is the role of collaboration in business?
Working together to achieve shared goals.
What are some benefits of Social Business?
- Faster decision-making
- Innovation
- Efficiency
- Employee engagement
What does a Chief Information Officer (CIO) do?
Oversees all tech and IS operations.
What are the features of an organization?
- Clear hierarchy
- Routines & Business Processes
- Organizational Culture
What are Porter’s Five Forces?
- New Entrants
- Substitute Products
- Customers’ Bargaining Power
- Suppliers’ Bargaining Power
- Industry Rivalry
What does the Value Chain Model describe?
Activities that add value to products/services.
What are Primary Activities in the Value Chain?
- Inbound logistics
- Operations
- Sales
What is Synergy in the context of Information Systems?
Use IS to connect different units (e.g., cross-selling between bank branches).
What is a key challenge with Strategic IS?
Sustainability: Competitors can copy systems.
What is the Golden Rule in ethical decision-making?
Treat others as you want to be treated.
What is GDPR?
European law giving individuals strong control over personal data.
What is a Trade Secret?
Confidential business information.
What are the health risks associated with technology?
- Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI)
- Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
- Digital eye strain
What is Moore’s Law?
Computing power doubles approximately every 18 months; cost halves.
What is Cloud Computing?
Hosted services over the Internet (e.g., Google Cloud, AWS).
What is the purpose of a Database Management System (DBMS)?
Manages the creation, retrieval, update, and deletion of data in a database.
What is Big Data characterized by?
- High Volume
- High Velocity
- High Variety
What tools are used in Business Intelligence (BI)?
- Data Warehouse
- Data Mart
- OLAP (Online Analytical Processing)
- Data Mining
What is a Computer Network?
Two or more connected computers to share data and resources.
What does VoIP stand for?
Voice over Internet Protocol.
What are common security risks in networking?
- Eavesdropping
- Data interception
- Unauthorized access
What are 5G Networks known for?
Higher speed, lower latency; key for IoT, AR/VR
What does VoIP stand for?
Voice over IP
Give examples of VoIP services.
- Zoom
- Skype
What is the Internet of Things (IoT)?
Everyday devices with internet connectivity (e.g., smart fridges, thermostats)
What is cloud infrastructure?
Moving data and apps to remote servers
List three network security risks.
- Eavesdropping
- Data interception
- Unauthorized access
What is the purpose of monitoring software in companies?
To monitor employees for security or productivity
Why are information systems vulnerable?
What can data breaches lead to?
- Financial loss
- Reputation damage
What legal obligations must organizations consider regarding data security?
- PIPEDA (Canada)
- GDPR (Europe)
- HIPAA (U.S. healthcare)
What is electronic evidence?
IS logs/data used in legal cases (e-discovery)
Define Enterprise Systems (ERP).
Centralized systems that collect data from all business functions and store it in a single database.
What is the purpose of Enterprise Systems (ERP)?
Improve coordination, reduce cost, increase data accuracy across departments
List the benefits of Enterprise Systems (ERP).
- Unified platform
- Real-time operations
- Improved reporting and analytics
- Greater flexibility and compliance
What does SCM stand for?
Supply Chain Management
What is the supply chain?
Network of suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and retailers that transforms raw materials into products.
What are the components of SCM Systems?
- Upstream: Suppliers and sourcing
- Downstream: Distributors and customers
- Internal: Manufacturing and logistics
What are some functions of SCM Systems?
- Demand planning
- Inventory management
- Logistics (shipping, warehousing)
What business value do SCM Systems provide?
- Reduced inventory costs
- Faster delivery
- Improved supplier relationships
- Better forecasting
What is the goal of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Systems?
Optimize customer relationships by tracking interactions and analyzing customer data.
Differentiate between Operational CRM and Analytical CRM.
- Operational CRM: Automates sales, customer service, and marketing
- Analytical CRM: Analyzes customer data for insights and segmentation
List capabilities of CRM Systems.
- Contact management
- Lead tracking
- Loyalty programs
- Email marketing automation
What are some CRM platforms?
- Salesforce
- Zoho CRM
- HubSpot
- Microsoft Dynamics CRM
What challenges do enterprise applications face?
What are the characteristics of digital goods?
- Zero marginal cost
- Easily distributed over the internet
- Harder to protect (piracy risk)
Define behavioral targeting.
Tracks user behavior to serve personalized ads.
What is social commerce?
Uses social media for buying/selling (e.g., Instagram Shopping).
What are the steps to building an e-commerce presence?
- Strategic Planning
- Website Development
- Technology Platform Selection
- Security Planning
- Marketing Strategy (SEO, social, ads)
- Execution and Operations
What types of knowledge are there in Knowledge Management (KM)?
- Explicit: Can be documented
- Tacit: Personal, hard to express
What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)?
Computer systems that simulate human intelligence.
List some applications of AI.
- Fraud detection
- Customer service bots
- Image recognition
What are Knowledge Work Systems (KWS)?
Tools to support professionals generating new knowledge.
What features do Enterprise-Wide Content Management Systems have?
- Document repositories
- Tagging and categorization
- Access controls
- Search functionality
What is the purpose of Learning Management Systems (LMS)?
Deliver, track, and manage online training.
What are the levels of decision-making?
- Operational (low-level, structured)
- Managerial/Tactical (middle, semi-structured)
- Strategic (top-level, unstructured)
What is Business Intelligence (BI)?
Infrastructure for collecting, storing, and analyzing data.
List some BI tools.
- Dashboards
- Drill-down Analysis
- Scorecards
- Forecasting/Prediction
What is the function of Decision Support Systems (DSS)?
Help solve problems that are not fully structured.
What do Executive Support Systems (ESS) provide?
- Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)
- Long-term trend analysis
- Benchmarking
What are Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS) used for?
Collaborative decision-making.
What do Geographic Information Systems (GIS) do?
Tie data to maps.
What is machine learning in decision making?
Predictive models for churn, fraud detection.
What are the steps in the decision-making process?
- Intelligence – Identify and understand the problem
- Design – Identify and explore solutions
- Choice – Select among the alternatives
- Implementation – Execute and monitor the solution
