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IMMUNOSERO LEC > COMPLEMENT SYSTEM: THE CLASSICAL PATHWAY > Flashcards

COMPLEMENT SYSTEM: THE CLASSICAL PATHWAY Flashcards

1
Q

Complements were discovered in the 1890s by who?

A

Jules Bordet

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2
Q

a heat-labile component of normal plasma that augmented the
opsonization and killing of bacteria by antibodies

A

COMPLEMENTS

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3
Q

composed of more than 30 different plasma proteins

A

COMPLEMENTS

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4
Q

produced mainly by the liver

A

COMPLEMENTS

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5
Q

Inactive in the absence of infection

A

COMPLEMENTS

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6
Q

heat-labile serum component

A

COMPLEMENT

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7
Q

Can lyses bacteria (activity is destroyed (inactivated) by heating serum at 56
degrees C for 30 minutes)

A

COMPLEMENT

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8
Q

Can opsonize bacteria for enhanced phagocytosis; it can recruit and
activate various cells including polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) and
macrophages

A

COMPLEMENT

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9
Q

Can participate in regulation of antibody responses and it can aid in the
clearance of immune complexes and apoptotic cells

A

COMPLEMENT

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9
Q

Can participate in regulation of antibody responses and it can aid in the
clearance of immune complexes and apoptotic cells

A

COMPLEMENT

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10
Q

Can participate in regulation of antibody responses and it can aid in the
clearance of immune complexes and apoptotic cells

A

COMPLEMENT

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11
Q

have detrimental effects for the host; it contributes to inflammation and
tissue damage and it can trigger anaphylaxis

A

COMPLEMENT

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12
Q

comprises over 20 different serum proteins

A

COMPLEMENT

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13
Q

produced by a variety of cells including, hepatocytes, macrophages and
gut epithelial cells

A

COMPLEMENT

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14
Q

Some complement proteins bind to immunoglobulins or to membrane
components of cells.

A

COMPLEMENT

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15
Q

Others are PROENZYMES that, when activated, cleave one or more other
complement proteins

A

COMPLEMENT

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16
Q

Upon cleavage some of the complement proteins yield fragments that
ACTIVATE cells, INCREASE VASCULAR PERMEABILITY or OPSONIZE BACTERIA

A

COMPLEMENT

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17
Q

named in the order of their discovery

A

PROTEINS OF THE CLASSICAL
PATHWAY

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18
Q

Whaat is the Reaction sequence in the classical pathway:

A

C1, C4, C2, C3, C5, C6, C7,
C8, and C9

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19
Q

▪Products of cleavage reactions are designated by adding a

A

lowercase
letter as a suffix

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20
Q

: designated by the suffix b

A

larger fragment

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21
Q

enzymatically active fragment

A

larger fragment

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22
Q

How is the larger fragment of C2 written

A

C2a

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23
Q

are not cleavage products of C1 but are distinct
proteins that together comprise C1

A

C1q, C1r, and C1s

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24
Q

Binding to anitgen antibody complexes and pathogen surfaces

A

C1q

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25
Q

Binding to carbohydrates structures such as mannose or GicNAc on microbial surfaces

A
  • MBL
  • Ficolins
  • C1q
  • Properdin (factor P)
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26
Q

Activating enzymes

A
  • C1r
  • C1s
  • C2a
  • Bb
  • D
  • MASP-2
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27
Q

Membrane-binding proteins and opsonins

A

C4b
C3b

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28
Q

Peptide mediators of inflammation

A
  • C5a
  • C4a
  • C3a
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29
Q

Membrane attack proteins

A
  • C5b
  • C6
  • C7
  • C8
  • C9
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30
Q

Complement receptors

A
  • CR1
  • CR2
  • CR3
  • CR4
  • CRIg
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31
Q

Complement regulatory proteins

A
  • C1 INH
  • C4BP
  • CR1
  • MCP
  • DAF
  • H
  • I
  • P
  • CD59
32
Q

What are the 4 pathways of complement activation?

A
  • the classical pathway
  • the lectin pathway
  • the alternative pathway
  • the membrane attack (or lytic) pathway
33
Q

These pathways lead to the ACTIVATION OF C5
CONVERTASE

A

classical and alternative

34
Q

These pathways result in the production of C5b

A

classical and alternative pathways

35
Q

This is essential for the
activation of the membrane attack pathway

A

production of C5b

36
Q

THE CLASSICAL PATHWAY IS INITIATED BY ACTIVATION
OF WHAT?

A

C1 COMPLEX

37
Q

This pathway is IS HOMOLOGOUS TO THE
LECTIN PATHWAY

A

CLASSICAL PATHWAY

38
Q

Classical pathway uses a pathogen sensor known as the

A

C1 complex, or C1

39
Q

C1 interacts with 2 things

A
  1. directly with some pathogens
  2. Interact with
    antibodies
40
Q

acts as the pathogen sensor; recognition function

A

C1q

41
Q

serine proteases

A

C1r and C1s

42
Q

initially in their inactive form

A

C1r and C1s

43
Q

closely related to MASP-2

A

C1r and C1s:

44
Q

interact non- covalently, forming C1r:C1s pairs

A

C1r and C1s

45
Q

two or more of C1 interact with a what

A

ligand,

46
Q

this causes a
conformational change in the C1r:C1s complex

A

two or more of C1 interact with a ligand

47
Q

a multi-subunit protein containing three different
proteins (C1q, C1r and C1s

A

C1:

48
Q

bind to the Fc region of IgG and IgM antibody molecules that
have interacted with antigen

A

C1

49
Q

does not occur to antibodies that have not complexed with antigen

A

C1:

50
Q

C1 binding requires

A

calcium and magnesium ions

51
Q

binding of C1 to antibody is via what

A

via C1q

52
Q

This must cross link at least two antibody molecules before it is firmly fixed.

A

C1q

53
Q

The result of the activation of C1r which in turn activates

A

C1s

54
Q

is an enzyme that
cleaves C4 into two fragments C4a and C4b

A

activated “C1qrs”

55
Q

CAN ATTACH ITSELF TO THE SURFACE OF
PATHOGENS IN SEVERAL DIFFERENT WAYS.

A

C1Q

56
Q

C1Q CAN ATTACH ITSELF TO THE SURFACE OF
PATHOGENS BY

A
  • by binding directly to surface components on some bacteria
  • through binding to C-reactive protein
  • binding to the constant regions of anti bodies that have bound pathogens via their antigen-binding sites
57
Q

C1q binds directly to surface components on some
bacteria like

A

certain proteins of bacterial cell walls, polyanionic structures eg.
lipoteichoic acid on Gram (+)

58
Q

an acute-phase protein in human plasma that binds to phosphocholine residues in bacterial surface molecules such as pneumococcal C polysaccharide—hence the name Creactive protein

A

C-reactive protein

59
Q

What are the constant regions of anti bodies

A

Fc
regions

60
Q

is composed of six identical subunits with
globular heads and long collagen-like tails, and it
has been described as looking like “a bunch of
tulips

A

C1q

61
Q

is composed of six identical subunits with
globular heads and long collagen-like tails, and it
has been described as looking like “a bunch of
tulips

A

C1q

62
Q

” The tails combine to bind to two molecules
each of C1r and C1s, forming the C1 complex
C1q:C1r2:C1s2.

A

C1q

63
Q

The heads of C1q can bind to the …

A
  1. constant regions of immunoglobulin molecules
  2. directly to the pathogen surface
64
Q

The C1 complex is similar in overall structure to the

A

MBL– MASP complex

65
Q

The C1 complex is similar in overall structure to the
MBL– MASP complex, and has an identical function,
cleaving C4 and C2 to form the

A

C3 convertase C4b2a .

66
Q

also cleaves C2 into C2a and C2b

A

Activated “C1qrs”

67
Q

binds to the membrane in association with C4b

A

C2a

68
Q

is released into the microenvironment

A

C2b

69
Q

is released into the microenvironment

A

C2b

70
Q

The resulting C4bC2a complex is what convertase

A

a C3 CONVERTASE

71
Q

cleaves C3 into C3a and C3b

A

C3 CONVERTASE

72
Q

C4b fragment binds to the

A

membrane

73
Q

C4a fragment is released into the

A

microenvironment

74
Q

C3 activation is the generation of

A

C5 convertase

75
Q

binds to the membrane in association with C4b and C2a

A

C3b

76
Q

C3a is released into the microenvironment

true or false

A

true

77
Q

The resulting C4bC2aC3b is what convertase

A

C5 CONVERTASE

78
Q

It is the end of the classical
pathway

A

generation of C5 convertase

IMMUNOSERO LEC (2 decks)

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