Complement system

Question 1

What are the major functions of complement system?

a) Protection of host cells
b) Non-inflammatory removal of cancerous cells
c) Removal of infectious microorganisms
d) Development of innate immune response
e) All of the above
f) All answers are correct expect d
g) All answers are correct except b
i) Only a and c are correct

Answer 1

g) All answers are correct except b

Question 2

Which of the statements is not correct?

a) Complement system is present in blood serum
b) Complement system induces allergic reactions
c) Complement system does not fight against helminths
d) Complement system is comprised by number of different enzymes
e) Complement is a strictly regulated system

Answer 2

c) Complement system does not fight against helminths

Question 3

Which of the following statements is not correct?

a) Cleavage of C3 results in C3a and C3b
b) C3a and C5a are anaphylatoxins and both induce inflammation
c) C3a participates in opsonization
d) C4 and C2 are not C3 convertases.

Answer 3

c) C3a participates in opsonization

Question 4

What is lipofucsin?

a) An enzyme that is found in many body organs and contributes to aging process
b) A molecule that is found only in retinal pigment epithelium and accumulates as person ages
c) A pigment that highly increases in number in RPE with aging process and contains A2E compound
d) A lipid-protein aggregate that is cytotoxic in RPE and gets accumulated extracellular matrix over time

Answer 4

c) A pigment that highly increases in number in RPE with aging process and contains A2E compound

Question 5

What are the risk factors for development of macular degeneration?

a) unhealthy lifestyle, normal aging process, loss of RPE cells
b) smoking, normal aging of cells, insufficient blood supply to RPE
c) environmental factors, high number of carotenoids, lipofucsin accumulation
d) environmental factors, load of reactive oxygen species, loss of complement cells

Answer 5

a)unhealthy lifestyle, normal aging process, loss of RPE cells

Question 6

Why does thickening of Bruch’s membrane occur?

a) Water and other important molecules cannot cross the membrane and this causes lipid accumulation in it
b) Cell debris accumulates under epithelial membrane and this results in thickening of Bruch’s membrane
c) Drusen start to form and occupy RPE, which causes thickening of Bruch’s membrane
d) Lipid drops start to accumulate under basal linear membrane and form Drusen that result in thickening of Bruch’s membrane

Answer 6

d)Lipid drops start to accumulate under basal linear membrane and form Drusen that result in thickening of Bruch’s membrane

Question 7

Poor regulation of complement system results in:

a) Over-activation of classical pathway which causes inflammation in RPE and leads to Macular degeneration
b) Increased amount of C3b which causes anaphylactic reaction in RPE and leads to Macular degeneration
c) Reduction of efficiency of other inhibitory complement regulators which causes formation of Drusen and leads to Macular degeneration
d) Increase of TCC complex which attacks RPE and leads to Macular degeneration

Answer 7

d)Increase of TCC complex which attacks RPE and leads to Macular degeneration