Competition

Question 1

3 Concepts of Competition

Answer 1

1. Competition can be direct or indirect, vary in intensity, and occur between similar or dissimilar species
2. Competing species are more likely to coexist when they use resources differently
3. The outcome of competition can be altered by the physical environment, disturbance, and predation

Question 2

Competition can be direct or indirect, vary in intensity, and occur between similar or dissimilar species

Answer 2

A. Species may compete directly or indirectly
Limited resource
Exploitation competition, one species is in the pool (dominating limited food resource)
If both species are in the pool, they have to compete (direct)
Ex. Food, Oxygen, Temperature, Structure

Question 3

B. Competition can vary in intensity

Answer 3

An abundance of food relative to the number of fish in that pool

Question 4

C. Competition is often asymmetrical

Answer 4

If one species dominates in terms of number of species in that pool

Question 5

Other concept

Answer 5

D. Competition can occur between closely or distantly related species

Question 6

Concept 14.2:

Answer 6

Competing species are more likely to coexist when they use resources in different ways.
In the 1930s, G. F. Gause did competition experiments with Paramecium

Question 7

Character Displacement:

Answer 7

competition causes the phenotypes of competing species to evolve to become different over time, facilitating resource partitioning

Question 8

Competitive Coexistence by Character Displacement

Answer 8

Galapagos finches
Finches colonize galapagos island from Ecuador
Galápagos islands as a natural experiment in evolutionary ecology
Selection can also come from competitors
Can have directional selection pushing one species to another
Disruptive selection bimodal distribution
Make predictions
Sympatry two organisms living together
Allopatry living apart
Character displacement not a prominent type of allopatry speciation

Question 9

Concept 14.4

Answer 9

The outcome of competition can be altered by the physical environment, disturbance, and predation
Joseph Connell (1961)
How do you see so many species? Tide is low, species are dragged out
Diagram on slide