Competency 1: Knowledge of Research and Theories of Reading Process Flashcards
Validity
accuracy of an assessment, does it measure what it’s supposed to measure.
Valid assessments are indicators of
progress and mastery
Validity takes precedence over
Reliability
Reliability
consistency of an assessment. results are repeatable.
Qualitative Research
Gathers subjective information about opinions ad understandings.
What type of research is interviews, observations and understandings?
Qualitative
Quantitative Research
gather numerical data to look at patterns or trends
What type of research is standardized test?
Quantitative
Vygotsky
reading theorist who founded scaffolding and cooperative learning.
Who believed that learning and social development happen when children interact socially and have active learning?
Vygotsky
What is sociocultural learning/Social constructivism
human development is socially situated and knowledge is constructed through interaction with others.
Zone of Proximal Development
the space between what a learner can do without assistance and what a learner can do with adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers.
Who create Zone of Proximal Development
Vygotsky
Piaget Believed:
children show distinct stages of cognitive development
Sensimotor Stage
Piaget: Birth-2 years old, acquisition of language by first gathering sensory and motor information, which deepens their level of thinking.
Preoperational Stage
Paget: 2-7 years, past and future and begin to think symbolically, using words to represent what they want.
Concrete operational stage
Piaget: 7-12 gaining logic and abstract thinking for reading comprehension. logic comes first, abstract thinking takes more time.
Formal operational stage
Piaget: 12-adult- increasing capacity for logical and abstract thinking.
Chomsky believed
Nativist Theory and Universal Grammar
nativist theory
Chomsky: children are born with an innate knowledge of grammar that gives them the ability to acquire language.
universal grammar
Chomsky: certain linguistic structure that all languages share.
Skinner believed
behaviorism and reinforcement
Behaviorism Theory
that learning is a conditioned response, stemming from stimulus and response, from the bottom up, text to learner.
Reinforcement
rewarded when a certain response is given
reinforcers
verbal praise, good grades, feeling or accomplishment, , feedback
Reading Theorists that are behaviorists?
Skinner, Thorndike and Watson
Piaget created the
KWL chart
Frank smith theory was
whole language
Louise Rosenblatt
grounded in constructivism, relating text to self.
Internal Validity
refers to how well a study is conducted
External validity
refers to how applicable the findings are to the real world.
Bottom up
Reading is linear process and focus should be on phonics. (traditional)
Top down
Building schema and using background knowledge is essential to developing reading. (traditional/modern)
Metacognitive
thinking about what the brain does when going through the process of reading is essential in building reading skills.
whole language
language should be learned not as isolated skills but rather an integration of skills applied to authentic reading and writing tasks.
Constructivism
a holistic philosophy that supports the idea that learning and problem solving should reflect real-life contexts where the environment is very rich in information and there are no right answers. use authentic tasks.
schema theory
students learn new knowledge to contradict their previous knowledge.
