Competency 1: Knowledge of Research and Theories of Reading Process

Question 1

Validity

Answer 1

accuracy of an assessment, does it measure what it’s supposed to measure.

Question 2

Valid assessments are indicators of

Answer 2

progress and mastery

Question 3

Validity takes precedence over

Answer 3

Reliability

Question 4

Reliability

Answer 4

consistency of an assessment. results are repeatable.

Question 5

Qualitative Research

Answer 5

Gathers subjective information about opinions ad understandings.

Question 6

What type of research is interviews, observations and understandings?

Answer 6

Qualitative

Question 7

Quantitative Research

Answer 7

gather numerical data to look at patterns or trends

Question 8

What type of research is standardized test?

Answer 8

Quantitative

Question 9

Vygotsky

Answer 9

reading theorist who founded scaffolding and cooperative learning.

Question 10

Who believed that learning and social development happen when children interact socially and have active learning?

Answer 10

Vygotsky

Question 11

What is sociocultural learning/Social constructivism

Answer 11

human development is socially situated and knowledge is constructed through interaction with others.

Question 12

Zone of Proximal Development

Answer 12

the space between what a learner can do without assistance and what a learner can do with adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers.

Question 13

Who create Zone of Proximal Development

Answer 13

Vygotsky

Question 14

Piaget Believed:

Answer 14

children show distinct stages of cognitive development

Question 15

Sensimotor Stage

Answer 15

Piaget: Birth-2 years old, acquisition of language by first gathering sensory and motor information, which deepens their level of thinking.

Question 16

Preoperational Stage

Answer 16

Paget: 2-7 years, past and future and begin to think symbolically, using words to represent what they want.

Question 17

Concrete operational stage

Answer 17

Piaget: 7-12 gaining logic and abstract thinking for reading comprehension. logic comes first, abstract thinking takes more time.

Question 18

Formal operational stage

Answer 18

Piaget: 12-adult- increasing capacity for logical and abstract thinking.

Question 19

Chomsky believed

Answer 19

Nativist Theory and Universal Grammar

Question 20

nativist theory

Answer 20

Chomsky: children are born with an innate knowledge of grammar that gives them the ability to acquire language.

Question 21

universal grammar

Answer 21

Chomsky: certain linguistic structure that all languages share.

Question 22

Skinner believed

Answer 22

behaviorism and reinforcement

Question 23

Behaviorism Theory

Answer 23

that learning is a conditioned response, stemming from stimulus and response, from the bottom up, text to learner.

Question 24

Reinforcement

Answer 24

rewarded when a certain response is given

Question 25

reinforcers

Answer 25

verbal praise, good grades, feeling or accomplishment, , feedback

Question 26

Reading Theorists that are behaviorists?

Answer 26

Skinner, Thorndike and Watson

Question 27

Piaget created the

Answer 27

KWL chart

Question 28

Frank smith theory was

Answer 28

whole language

Question 29

Louise Rosenblatt

Answer 29

grounded in constructivism, relating text to self.

Question 30

Internal Validity

Answer 30

refers to how well a study is conducted

Question 31

External validity

Answer 31

refers to how applicable the findings are to the real world.

Question 32

Bottom up

Answer 32

Reading is linear process and focus should be on phonics. (traditional)

Question 33

Top down

Answer 33

Building schema and using background knowledge is essential to developing reading. (traditional/modern)

Question 34

Metacognitive

Answer 34

thinking about what the brain does when going through the process of reading is essential in building reading skills.

Question 35

whole language

Answer 35

language should be learned not as isolated skills but rather an integration of skills applied to authentic reading and writing tasks.

Question 36

Constructivism

Answer 36

a holistic philosophy that supports the idea that learning and problem solving should reflect real-life contexts where the environment is very rich in information and there are no right answers. use authentic tasks.

Question 37

schema theory

Answer 37

students learn new knowledge to contradict their previous knowledge.